Nutrition
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Review Meta Analysis
Association of conjugated linoleic acid consumption and liver enzymes in human studies: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials.
The aim of this study was to systematically review the association of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) consumption in two forms of foods enriched or supplemented with CLA on serum liver enzymes in human studies. ⋯ CLA supplementation was associated with a significantly increased circulating AST without any significant effect on ALP and ALT levels. Prospective studies are necessary to assess the clinical outcomes of the association between CLA and liver enzyme concentrations.
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Review Meta Analysis
Association of conjugated linoleic acid consumption and liver enzymes in human studies: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials.
The aim of this study was to systematically review the association of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) consumption in two forms of foods enriched or supplemented with CLA on serum liver enzymes in human studies. ⋯ CLA supplementation was associated with a significantly increased circulating AST without any significant effect on ALP and ALT levels. Prospective studies are necessary to assess the clinical outcomes of the association between CLA and liver enzyme concentrations.
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Flavonoid resveratrol modulates the transcription factor NF-κB; inhibits the cytochrome P450 isoenzyme CYP1 A1; suppresses the expression and activity of cyclooxygenase enzymes; and modulates Fas/Fas-ligand-mediated apoptosis, p53, mammalian target of rapamycin, and cyclins and various phosphodiesterases. This increases the cytosolic cAMP that activates Epac1/CaMKKβ/AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α pathway, which in turn facilitates increased oxidation of fatty acids, mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial respiration, and gluconeogenesis. Resveratrol triggers apoptosis of activated T cells and suppresses tumor necrosis factor-α, interluekin-17 (IL-17), and other proinflammatory molecules, and thus is of benefit in autoimmune diseases. ⋯ Thus, resveratrol may augment production of lipoxin A4. Resveratrol alters gut microbiota and influences stem cell proliferation and differentiation. These pleiotropic actions of resveratrol may explain the multitude of its actions and benefits.
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Reactive derivatives from nonenzymatic glucose-protein condensation reactions, as well as lipids and nucleic acids exposed to reducing sugars, form a heterogeneous group of irreversible adducts called AGEs (advanced glycation end products). The glycation process begins with the conversion of reversible Schiff base adducts to more stable, covalently bound Amadori rearrangement products. Over the course of days to weeks, these Amadori products undergo further rearrangement and condensation reactions to form irreversibly cross-linked macroprotein derivatives known as AGEs. ⋯ Recently, diet has been recognized as a major environmental source of AGEs that could cause proinflammatory reactions and organ damage in vivo. Therefore, this review summarizes the pathophysiological role of dietary AGEs in health and disease, especially focusing on cardiometabolic disorders. We also discuss the potential utility in targeting exogenously derived AGEs for therapeutic intervention.
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We provide a practical approach to the complex management problem of chyle leaks that occur after surgical procedures or trauma, or when they occur spontaneously in association with malignancies. The volume of chyle loss causes significant problems due to loss of fluid, electrolytes, proteins, and lymphocytes, causing deleterious effects on wound healing and immunity. ⋯ Regular diets increase the leak and delay healing. Nutritional support involves coordinated care between healthcare providers to provide a combination of various modalities, including nil by mouth, parenteral nutrition, enteral feeding with formula modifications, and oral diet.