Nutrition
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Comparative Study
Comparison of two nutritional screening tools to detect nutritional risk in hematologic inpatients.
The aim of the study was to compare two nutritional screening tools in oncohematologic inpatients. ⋯ MUST might be a better screening tool than MST for detecting the risk for malnutrition in oncohematological inpatients.
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Observational Study
Optimizing protein and energy intake in hospitals by improving individualized meal serving, hosting and the eating environment.
Optimizing protein and energy intake by food in nutritional risk patients is difficult. The aim of this study was to improve the ≥75% of energy and protein requirements. We would like to see nurses take on the role of hosting the nutritional-risk patients, including focusing on bringing nutrition to the forefront in the collaboration between nurses and patients. ⋯ Only insignificant improvements to overall energy intake were seen in two of the three departments and in the overall group, and no statistical or clinically significant improvements to protein intake were observed. The relative risk of meeting 75% of energy requirements was improved in the overall group and in patients in the Department of Heart-Lung Surgery. This did not include the meeting of protein requirements. Improvements were welcomed by patients and staff. Focus on individualized nutrition from the nursing staff also improved.
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The aim of this study was to determine the changes in serum vitamin D distribution at an institute in India over the past 6 y and compare it with global trends. ⋯ There is a global secular trend of increases in 25-OHD over years. There is a disturbing trend of increased hypervitaminosis D at an Indian institute. Empiric, unmonitored, prolonged vitamin D supplementation, using non-recommended supraphysiological doses, especially when administered intramuscularly, should be discouraged.
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Review Case Reports
Massive copper and selenium losses cause life-threatening deficiencies during prolonged continuous renal replacement.
Several trace elements are essential for immunity and wound healing, particularly after major burns. Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), which is used to treat renal failure, causes significant trace elements losses. The aim of the present review is to update the current literature and draw attention to this type of complication, as copper deficiency is rarely suspected and diagnosed in clinical conditions and may occur in chronic critically ill patients. ⋯ The literature regarding the specific requirements for chronically critically ill patients is limited. During prolonged CRRT, copper and selenium levels decrease and probably should be monitored during prolonged therapy. Research in this area is required.
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Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered to be one of the most common liver pathologies that occur widely among societies with a predominance of the Western dietary pattern. NAFLD may progress from hepatic steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), subsequently leading to cirrhosis and becoming a major cause of hepatocellular carcinoma. Thus its prevention and therapy play an important role in hepatology. ⋯ The aim of this review was to summarize the results of recent alternative treatment studies conducted both on cell cultures and in vivo that concern molecular effects of resveratrol (3,5,4'-trihydroxystilbene) in the treatment of NAFLD. The precise metabolism, pharmacology, and clinical trials with different concentrations of resveratrol were described. The review also presents a brief summary of other alternative treatment methods of NAFLD and their mechanisms compared with current clinical understanding.