Nutrition
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The aim of this study was to determine the changes in serum vitamin D distribution at an institute in India over the past 6 y and compare it with global trends. ⋯ There is a global secular trend of increases in 25-OHD over years. There is a disturbing trend of increased hypervitaminosis D at an Indian institute. Empiric, unmonitored, prolonged vitamin D supplementation, using non-recommended supraphysiological doses, especially when administered intramuscularly, should be discouraged.
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Review Case Reports
Massive copper and selenium losses cause life-threatening deficiencies during prolonged continuous renal replacement.
Several trace elements are essential for immunity and wound healing, particularly after major burns. Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), which is used to treat renal failure, causes significant trace elements losses. The aim of the present review is to update the current literature and draw attention to this type of complication, as copper deficiency is rarely suspected and diagnosed in clinical conditions and may occur in chronic critically ill patients. ⋯ The literature regarding the specific requirements for chronically critically ill patients is limited. During prolonged CRRT, copper and selenium levels decrease and probably should be monitored during prolonged therapy. Research in this area is required.
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Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered to be one of the most common liver pathologies that occur widely among societies with a predominance of the Western dietary pattern. NAFLD may progress from hepatic steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), subsequently leading to cirrhosis and becoming a major cause of hepatocellular carcinoma. Thus its prevention and therapy play an important role in hepatology. ⋯ The aim of this review was to summarize the results of recent alternative treatment studies conducted both on cell cultures and in vivo that concern molecular effects of resveratrol (3,5,4'-trihydroxystilbene) in the treatment of NAFLD. The precise metabolism, pharmacology, and clinical trials with different concentrations of resveratrol were described. The review also presents a brief summary of other alternative treatment methods of NAFLD and their mechanisms compared with current clinical understanding.
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Low muscle mass has been associated with increased morbi-mortality and should be identified for optimizing preventive and therapeutic strategies. This study evaluates the prevalence of bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA)-derived low muscle mass in older persons using definitions found through a systematic literature search and determines the link between body mass index (BMI) and low muscle mass. ⋯ The prevalence of low muscle mass varies widely depending on the definition, especially in persons with BMI <18.5 or ≥25 kg/m2.
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Tissues with high-energy output, such as the brain and skeletal muscle, suffer the most from impaired or depleted energy levels, with innovative nutritional approaches needed to effectively tackle metabolic deficits in bioenergetics. Here, we highlight the role of guanidinoacetic acid in the control and provision of cellular energy by its interaction with cellular transporters for taurine (SLC6 A6) and γ-aminobutyric acid (SLC6 A13), previously dismissed as "untargetable" carriers by other bioenergetics therapeutics.