Nutrition
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Patients with cystic fibrosis are characterized by an increased risk of nutrient malabsorption and inflammation, which may influence body composition. We examined the differences in body composition between patients with cystic fibrosis and healthy controls and how body composition differences may impact disease risk and mortality. ⋯ Patients with cystic fibrosis may be at an increased risk of sarcopenia and osteopenia. The measurement of body composition could improve the assessment of nutritional status and reduce the risk for respiratory and metabolic complications in patients with cystic fibrosis.
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Evidence on the relationship between food sources of protein and progressive decline in renal function in the general population is still controversial. Among the protein-rich foods, dairy products have gained a lot of attention in research on the prevention of metabolic disorders. This systemic review attempted to summarize the findings of prospective cohort studies on the relationship between dairy foods and incident chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the general population. ⋯ Despite the limited studies on this topic, findings from the available reports are generally in favor of a positive association between dairy and renal health in the general population. However, further studies are needed to replicate this finding and to determine whether this relationship could be influenced by the fat content and/or the dairy subtypes.
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Multicenter Study
Inflammatory potential of diet is associated with cognitive function in an older adult Korean population.
To examine the association between the inflammatory potential of diet and the quality of cognitive function in an older adult Korean population. ⋯ Higher E-DII scores were associated with increased risk of cognitive impairment, suggesting that consuming a proinflammatory diet is associated with increased risk for cognitive impairment in the older Korean adults.
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Comparative Study
Physiological effects of a short-term lifestyle intervention based on the Mediterranean diet: comparison between older and younger healthy, sedentary adults.
The aim of this study was to determine whether short-term adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) was associated with improved physiological function. ⋯ Improvements in physiological function were observed after a short-term dietary intervention based on the MD in a younger population. These were not statistically matched in an older group. Our findings suggest that different durations should be applied when designing dietary interventions in different age groups, with expectations in physiological improvement differing.
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Health inequalities are observed among different regions and socioeconomic groups. The present study aimed to record the prevalence of overweight and obesityamong preschoolers across six European countries in relation to sociodemographic and family factors. ⋯ In a large sample of European preschoolers, the prevalence of overweight and obesity was found to be higher in Southern and Eastern European countries compared with Central and Northern European countries. Higher prevalence was recorded among low-SES families and in children with overweight or obese parents, which indicates that these areas and vulnerable groups need to be prioritized to close the gap in health and social inequalities and provide more effective prevention of early childhood obesity.