Nutrition
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Randomized Controlled Trial
The effect of soluble fiber dextrin on postprandial appetite and subsequent food intake in healthy adults.
This crossover study investigated the effect of consuming a beverage that contains soluble fiber dextrin (SFD) on appetite and food intake in adults to test the hypothesis that beverages that contain 10 or 20 g of fiber from SFD would be more satiating than the control beverage. ⋯ Overall, the study results did not show an effect of SFD on appetite, food intake, and plasma markers of appetite for the first 150 min postconsumption. Further research is required to quantify how SFD influences appetite several hours after consumption.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Association of the Gly482Ser PPARGC1A gene variant with different cholesterol outcomes in response to two energy-restricted diets in subjects with excessive weight.
The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of two PPARGC1A gene polymorphisms on metabolic outcomes in response to two energy-restricted diets. ⋯ An energy-restricted MHP diet might be more beneficial than an LF diet to reduce serum cholesterol among subjects who are carriers of the PPARGC1A Gly482Gly genotype. The analysis of this genetic variant might be the basis for a precise, nutrigenetic management of hypercholesterolemia based on genetic makeup.
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The aim of this study was to compare the accuracy of measurements of body composition made using dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), analysis of computed tomography (CT) scans at the L3 vertebral level, and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). ⋯ Although a systematic error underestimating FFM was demonstrated with BIA, it may be a useful modality to quantify body composition in the clinical situation.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Parboiled rice metabolism differs in healthy and diabetic individuals with similar improvement in glycemic response.
White rice is a popular staple food; however, its high glycemic effect makes it an unfavorable choice for people with type 2 diabetes. ⋯ We conclude that PBR is a better alternative to WR or BR for diabetic individuals to control postprandial hyperglycemia.
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Nutritional diagnosis is essential given that malnutrition negatively affects morbidity and mortality in patients with liver disease. In the absence of a standard method, limited accuracy has been reported in relation to nutritional assessment. The aim of the study was to evaluate the use of subjective global assessment (SGA) and different methods of nutritional assessment, isolated and in combination with SGA to predict clinical outcomes. ⋯ The results indicate that SGA together with SPA has greater predictive power for features of advanced cirrhosis, and SGA plus gait speed is able to better predict mortality in patients on the waiting list for liver transplant.