Nutrition
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Dietary supplements known as "fat burners" are typically marketed with claims of increasing energy expenditure through alterations in fat metabolism. They are marketed as natural products and their use is thus perceived as a safe body weight reduction strategy. We report on five episodes of liver injury in four patients. ⋯ The last patient was treated for two separate episodes of fat burner-induced liver injury after ingesting two different products, in 2010 and 2015. Liver biopsy was performed in all patients and histopathologic examination revealed no other cause of liver injury. Viral, autoimmune, and metabolic liver diseases were excluded, making unsupervised consumption of fat burners the most likely causative agent.
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The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of parenteral glutamine (GLN) supplementation combined with enteral nutrition (EN) on heat shock protein (Hsp) 90 expression and Peyer's patch (PP) apoptosis in severely burned rats. ⋯ The results of this study show that parenteral glutamine supplementation combined with EN may upregulate the expression of Hsp90, reduce caspase-3 activity, lessen the release of proinflammatory cytokines, attenuate PP apoptosis, and improve intestinal IgA response in burned rats. Clinically, therapeutic efforts to improve intestinal immunity may contribute to a favorable outcome in severely burned patients.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
The effect of soluble fiber dextrin on postprandial appetite and subsequent food intake in healthy adults.
This crossover study investigated the effect of consuming a beverage that contains soluble fiber dextrin (SFD) on appetite and food intake in adults to test the hypothesis that beverages that contain 10 or 20 g of fiber from SFD would be more satiating than the control beverage. ⋯ Overall, the study results did not show an effect of SFD on appetite, food intake, and plasma markers of appetite for the first 150 min postconsumption. Further research is required to quantify how SFD influences appetite several hours after consumption.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Association of the Gly482Ser PPARGC1A gene variant with different cholesterol outcomes in response to two energy-restricted diets in subjects with excessive weight.
The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of two PPARGC1A gene polymorphisms on metabolic outcomes in response to two energy-restricted diets. ⋯ An energy-restricted MHP diet might be more beneficial than an LF diet to reduce serum cholesterol among subjects who are carriers of the PPARGC1A Gly482Gly genotype. The analysis of this genetic variant might be the basis for a precise, nutrigenetic management of hypercholesterolemia based on genetic makeup.
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Nutritional diagnosis is essential given that malnutrition negatively affects morbidity and mortality in patients with liver disease. In the absence of a standard method, limited accuracy has been reported in relation to nutritional assessment. The aim of the study was to evaluate the use of subjective global assessment (SGA) and different methods of nutritional assessment, isolated and in combination with SGA to predict clinical outcomes. ⋯ The results indicate that SGA together with SPA has greater predictive power for features of advanced cirrhosis, and SGA plus gait speed is able to better predict mortality in patients on the waiting list for liver transplant.