Nutrition
-
The biological mechanisms behind the association between vitamin K (Vit K) and glucose metabolism are uncertain. We aimed to analyze the expression of insulin 1 (Ins 1), insulin 2 (Ins 2) and cyclin D2, the expression of adiponectin and UCP-1 . In addition, we aimed to estimate the doses of Vit K2 able to affect various aspects of glucose and energy metabolism in type 2 diabetes. ⋯ Vit K2 administration could improve glycemic status in type 2 diabetic rats by induction of OC gene expression. Osteocalcin could increase β-cell proliferation, energy expenditure, and adiponectin expression. Different concentrations of Vit K2 were required to affect glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity.
-
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of parenteral glutamine (GLN) supplementation combined with enteral nutrition (EN) on heat shock protein (Hsp) 90 expression and Peyer's patch (PP) apoptosis in severely burned rats. ⋯ The results of this study show that parenteral glutamine supplementation combined with EN may upregulate the expression of Hsp90, reduce caspase-3 activity, lessen the release of proinflammatory cytokines, attenuate PP apoptosis, and improve intestinal IgA response in burned rats. Clinically, therapeutic efforts to improve intestinal immunity may contribute to a favorable outcome in severely burned patients.
-
Studies suggest that sodium butyrate reduces obesity-associated inflammation and insulin resistance in in vitro and in vivo models. Apo E-/- mice have high basal oxidative stress and naturally develop dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis. Because these disorders are present in obesity, the aim of this study was to determine whether Apo E-/- mice could be a more realistic model for studying obesity and insulin resistance. ⋯ These results suggested that oral supplementation of butyrate could be useful as an adjuvant in the treatment of obesity, metabolic syndrome, and insulin resistance.