Nutrition
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Editorial Historical Article
Historical perspective on parenteral and enteral nutrition in oncology.
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Dietary and energetic restrictions are endowed with protection against experimental injuries. However, a drop in cell energetic status under a critical threshold may prevent protection, as previously observed for livers isolated from rat donors undergoing 18-h fasting versus feeding. The aim of this study was to further explore, in the latter model, links between nutritional status, energy availability, and protection through lengthening of rat fasting to 24 h and withdrawal of energy sources from perfusions. ⋯ Liver protections are obviously influenced by nutritional status in a way that is parallel to hepatic energy mobilization capacities (glycogen plus autophagy) with a decreased order of protection: Fed >24-h fasted >18-h fasted >24-h fasted + 3-methyladenine livers. By showing that autophagy induction limits starvation-induced cytolysis, the present work supports the emerging view that autophagy inducers might improve health benefits of diet restriction.
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Review Meta Analysis
Sex differences in orthorexic eating behaviors: A systematic review and meta-analytical integration.
Other than the ongoing debate about the epidemiologic and clinical relevance of pathologically healthful eating, a phenomenon called orthorexia nervosa, there is not much consensus about sex differences in prevalence rates. The aim of this study was to provide a systematic review and meta-analytical combination of derived data to better conceptualize the presence and size of sex differences in the prevalence and levels of orthorexic eating behaviors and orthorexia nervosa. ⋯ The findings indicate that, depending on the instrument in use, tendencies toward healthy eating are comparable between the genders, although pathologically healthful eating is slightly more pronounced in women. Future studies will have to adopt valid criteria for diagnosing Orthorexia nervosa and investigate additional factors contributing to pathologic healthful eating and orthorexia nervosa.
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Multicenter Study Comparative Study
Comparison of three nutritional screening tools for predicting mortality in maintenance hemodialysis patients.
The aim of this study was to compare the effect of different nutritional screening tools on predicting the risk for mortality in patients on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD). ⋯ Each of the three nutritional screening tools was significantly associated with an increased risk for all-cause and CV mortality. The mortality predictability of the MIS was similar to the GNRI and greater than the OSND.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Efficacy of ω-3 supplementation on nutritional status, skeletal muscle, and chemoradiotherapy toxicity in cervical cancer patients: A randomized, triple-blind, clinical trial conducted in a middle-income country.
Supplementation with ω-3 has been shown to favor the preservation of body weight and skeletal muscle. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of ω-3 supplementation on nutritional status, skeletal muscle quantity and quality, and toxicity for treatment of women with cervical cancer. ⋯ The results suggest that ω-3 supplementation is effective in maintaining nutritional status, skeletal muscle quality, and reduced symptoms of chemoradiotherapy among women with cervical cancer.