Nutrition
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Vitamin D deficiency and mild to moderate anemia in young North Indian children: A secondary data analysis.
The aim of this study was to examine the association between vitamin D deficiency and anemia status among young children in the resource-poor setting of northern urban India. ⋯ Vitamin D deficiency was associated with moderate anemia among young children and the effect was independent of iron deficiency. The causal association of vitamin D deficiency with anemia risk remains debatable. The role of vitamin D in risk for anemia needs to be examined in further studies.
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Comparative Study
A comparison of two different software packages for the analysis of body composition using computed tomography images.
The analysis of body composition from computed tomography (CT) imaging has become widespread. However, the methodology used is far from established. Two main software packages are commonly used for body composition analysis, with results used interchangeably. However, the equivalence of these has not been well established. The aim of this study was to compare the results of body composition analysis performed using the two software packages to assess their equivalence. ⋯ All four body composition measures were statistically significantly different by the software package used for analysis; however, the clinical significance of these differences is doubtful. Nevertheless, the same software package should be used if serial measurements are being performed.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Randomized open-label trial of docosahexaenoic acid-enriched fish oil and fish meal on cognitive and behavioral functioning in Omani children.
This study aimed to examine the effect of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-enriched fish oil supplement and meal of grilled fish on cognitive and behavioral functioning manifested as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in primary school students 9 to 10 y of age in Muscat, Oman. ⋯ This study contributed to available evidence on the cognitive and behavioral benefits of DHA in healthy school children. Expanding the food fortification program with DHA-enriched fish oil should be considered as part of broader policy to improve child health.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Effects of milk-based phospholipids on cognitive performance and subjective responses to psychosocial stress: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in high-perfectionist men.
The aim of this study was to examine the stress-buffering potential of phospholipid (PL) intake on cognitive performance and neuroendocrine and psychological responses under conditions of psychosocial stress in a high-stress vulnerable (perfectionist) sample. ⋯ Dietary intake of bovine milk PLs conferred cognitive performance benefit under conditions of psychosocial stress but failed to moderate cortisol response. Moderation of subjective response to stress exposure may have underpinned this performance protection.
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Comparative Study
Weight loss and metabolic improvements in obese patients undergoing gastric banding and gastric banded plication: A comparison.
Obesity is a pandemic health problem. Bariatric surgery is the only efficient method for long-term effective weight loss in subjects with severe obesity. Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) has been widely applied for weight loss. However, a novel technique called laparoscopic adjustable gastric banded plication (LAGBP) has been proposed as an alternative to LAGB. Surgeons generally consider LAGBP to have a relative advantage on weight loss than that derived from LAGB. This initial study applied various biostatistical models and considered a relative longer observation period to compare the effects of LAGB and LAGBP. ⋯ Both LAGB and LAGBP demonstrated comparable efficacy in reducing body weight and improving metabolic parameters in a 24 to 36 mo follow-up period. LABG showed the ability to reduce systolic blood pressure and LAGBP exhibited triacylglycerol-lowering effects. A longer observational period is needed in future studies.