Nutrition
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The aims of this study were to characterize, among pregnant Mexican women, gestational weight gain (GWG) trajectories; assess associations of maternal dietary quality score (MDQS) with GWG during early-mid pregnancy, middle pregnancy, late pregnancy, and prolonged pregnancy; and evaluate the association between MDQS and adequacy of GWG, throughout pregnancy. We hypothesized that higher MDQS adherence is protective against insufficient or excessive GWG across pregnancy and that the association between MDQS adherence and GWG would vary by prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) category. ⋯ A better quality diet, as measured by MDQS, was associated with appropriate GWG during pregnancy in the PRINCESA cohort.
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Intermittent fasting (IF) is a nutritional intervention with significant metabolic effects on the liver that are not yet fully understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of IF on body mass, lipid profile, glucose metabolism, liver lipogenesis, β-oxidation, and inflammation. ⋯ There were beneficial effects of IF even with the continuity of the obesogenic diet and proinflammatory diet in mice. It is recommended that based on the beneficial effects of IF on glucose and liver metabolism and inflammation that IF be a coadjutant factor in the treatment of hepatic metabolic issues and steatosis.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Pragmatic Clinical Trial
Addition of oat bran reduces HDL-C and does not potentialize effect of a low-calorie diet on remission of metabolic syndrome: A pragmatic, randomized, controlled, open-label nutritional trial.
It is unclear whether addition of soluble fiber to a low-calorie diet potentializes weight loss and amelioration of metabolic syndrome (MetS). The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of oat bran on prevalence of MetS and associated disorders. ⋯ Daily consumption of oat bran did not potentialize the beneficial effects of a traditional low-calorie diet on the prevalence of MetS and associated disorders. Additionally, it reduced HDL-C.
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Dietary intake of vegetables is one of the key lifestyle factors associated with preventing cancer and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Although previous studies have provided evidence that dietary factors can alter global DNA methylation levels in humans, little work has been done on dietary factors influencing methylation levels of specific genes associated with CVD. The aim of this study was to examine whether dietary intake of vegetables was associated with adenosine triphosphate-binding membrane cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) DNA methylation levels in leukocytes in a Japanese population. ⋯ High dietary intake of vegetables was associated with decreased ABCA1 DNA methylation levels in Japanese women. This may contribute to a better understanding of the protective effects of dietary vegetable intake on CVD.
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Intrauterine and postnatal micronutrient malnutrition may program metabolic diseases in adulthood. We examined whether moderate zinc restriction in male and female rats throughout fetal life, lactation, or postweaning growth induces alterations in liver, adipose tissue, and intermediate metabolism. ⋯ This study strengthens the importance of a balanced intake of zinc during growth to ensure adequate lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in adult life.