Nutrition
-
Evidence suggests that ω-3 fatty acids (FA) may have an anabolic effect on skeletal muscle. However, questions about dosage, frequency, combined protein supplementation, or different physical exercises remain unanswered. The aim of this study was to quantify by stereology whether supplementation with high dosages of ω-3 FA combined with swimming has an anabolic effect on the skeletal musculature and on the lipid profile of rats. ⋯ The administration of high doses of ω-3 associated with physical activity may be beneficial in the treatment of dyslipidemia. High doses of ω-3 FA do not cause muscle mass alteration.
-
Predictive equations are frequently used to estimate resting energy expenditure (REE) because indirect calorimetry (IC) is not always available and is expensive. The aim of this study was to determine the concordance between the estimation of REE using predictive equations and its measurement by IC. ⋯ We observed a low level of concordance between REE estimated using predictive equations and measured by IC. These results should alert clinicians about the inaccuracy of predictive equations.
-
The quantitative importance of prescribed intravenous (IV) medication to water and sodium intake in routine clinical practice is undocumented, with uncertain influence on clinical outcomes. The present study aimed to redress this issue in surgical patients with gastrointestinal problems. ⋯ IV medicine prescriptions, particularly antibiotic agents and paracetamol, can make substantial and clinically relevant contributions to daily water and sodium intake. These contributions have persisted over time and should be considered during routine assessments of fluid balance and interventions aiming to improve clinical outcomes.
-
Review Meta Analysis
Gut microbiota-dependent trimethylamine N-oxide and all-cause mortality: Findings from an updated systematic review and meta-analysis.
The gut microbiota-derived metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) has been regarded as one of the potent risk factors for cardiovascular events and diabetes. In the current meta-analysis we quantitatively summarized and updated the results of studies regarding the association between TMAO and mortality. A systematic search was performed from PubMed, ProQuest, Scopus, and Embase. ⋯ There were 31 230 participants included and the results showed that being in the highest category of TMAO increased the hazard ratio (HR) of mortality by 47%. Moreover, there was a non-linear association between increased TMAO concentrations and HR of mortality. In the current dose-response meta-analysis, we revealed a positive association between TMAO and mortality risk among an adult population.
-
Malnutrition is a challenging issue in hospitals, but mostly reversible. However, despite being associated with increased morbidity and mortality risk, malnutrition is hardly recognized and treated. There is a strong need to raise awareness of treating residents to improve patients' nutritional management. This study aimed to investigate the impact of an educational intervention on residents' nutritional knowledge, perception, and prescribed nutritional therapies. ⋯ The multimodal intervention failed to achieve both objectives, as neither residents' knowledge and awareness nor the number of prescribed therapies could be increased. Nutritional risk remains highly prevalent; thus, innovative and more effective teaching strategies are needed to increase knowledge, abilities, and skills to fight malnutrition.