Nutrition
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Imaging studies have shown brain abnormalities associated with eating behavior (taste perception, food intake, and food reward), neural connectivity, and cognition related to obesity. The aim of this study was to investigate whether obese individuals have changes in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) during fasting and rest using single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), and whether these differences are associated with body fat and serum levels of leptin, insulin, and glucose. ⋯ Obese women showed rCBF differences in areas related to the frontoparietal neural circuit, the default mode network, and the salience network, suggesting loss of cognitive control and a higher perception of physiologic processes, such as hunger. Hyperactivation in these areas might jeopardize the recognition of changes in energy homeostasis.
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Provegetarian diets, also known as predominantly plant-based (but not vegetarian or vegan) or plant-forward diets, have been associated with health benefits. However, a distinction is needed between high- and low-quality provegetarian dietary patterns (PVGs). We sought to examine potential associations between PVG indices and breast cancer (BC) incidence. ⋯ In this large prospective cohort study, a moderate adherence to a PVG might decrease the risk of BC. Further studies should replicate and expand these results to other racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic groups.
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Osteoporosis is associated with genetic and environmental factors. The aim of this article was to determine how the polygenic risk scores (PRS) of genetic variants that affect osteoporosis and its related signaling interact with the lifestyle of middle-aged adults. ⋯ Carriers with high PRSBM increased susceptibility to osteoporosis, especially in low coffee and caffeine intake. The results can be applied to personalized nutrition for lowering the risk for osteoporosis.
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The Internet has become the main source of health-related information including nutrition. The aim of this study was to rank the most popular diets among Google users globally and regionally in addition to secular and seasonal trends in the years 2004 to 2019. ⋯ Veganism, vegetarianism, and gluten-free diet attract the largest public interest globally. Both secular trends and seasonal variation shape the ever-changing landscape of diet popularity. GT holds promise as a valuable tool in local and international nutrition research.
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Observational Study
Oral intake and plasma citrulline predict quality of life in patients with intestinal failure.
Chronic intestinal failure (cIF) is a rare medical condition usually treated by long-term parenteral nutrition (PN). Owing to disease-associated symptoms and treatment-specific complications, patients with cIF commonly present with reduced quality of life (QoL) compared with healthy controls. The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with QoL in patients with cIF. ⋯ Citrulline and oral intake are predictors of QoL in patients with cIF. Although citrulline appears to be good screening tool, oral food ingestion should be considered as key goal in patients with cIF.