Nutrition
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Review Meta Analysis
Lowering breakfast glycemic index and glycemic load attenuates postprandial glycemic response: A systematically searched meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Low glycemic index (GI) diets are recommended to reduce the risk for chronic diseases by managing postprandial elevations in blood glucose and insulin. However, to our knowledge, a systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to investigate this relationship and interpret its clinical relevance has yet to be performed. This review aims to assess the effect of low versus high GI breakfast meals on postprandial glycemic and insulinemic responses in adults. ⋯ Low GI breakfasts significantly reduced postprandial blood glucose concentrations at all time points: 60 min (WMD: -1.32 mmol/L; 95% CIs, -1.64 to -0.99), 90 min (WMD: -0.74 mmol/L; 95% CI, -0.92 to -0.56), and 120 min (WMD: -0.44 mmol/L; 95% CI, -0.63 to -0.26). Further analyses not only indicated similar trends following the stratification of studies according to the glycemic load, but also showed a more pronounced decline in glycemic response among individuals with metabolic impairments. These results highlight the benefits of lowering breakfast meal GI to provide clinically relevant reductions in acute glucose response.
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The aim of this study was to validate self-reported anthropometric measurements and body mass index (BMI) classifications in a young adult population. ⋯ Good agreement was detected between self-reported and direct anthropometric measurements. The criticism of self-reported anthropometric measurements is unwarranted. The findings provide support for using self-reported height and weight data for research in Australian young adults when direct measurements are not feasible.
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The aim of this study was to review the association of dietary intake of oleic and linoleic acids (OA and LA, respectively) with depressive symptoms in perimenopausal women. ⋯ Intake of OA and LA may be positively associated with depressive symptoms in perimenopausal women.
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Muscle net catabolism, as seen after severe trauma or sepsis or in postoperative situations, is mediated by hormones (e.g., cortisol) and proinflammatory cytokines (e.g., tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α]). Specific amino acids may be able to limit this muscle mass loss. Citrulline (CIT) stimulates muscle protein synthesis in various situations, but little data exist on hypercatabolic situations and the effects on protein breakdown are unknown. Our aim was to assess the effect of CIT on protein turnover in an in vitro model of muscle hypercatabolism. ⋯ CIT treatment regulated muscle protein turnover in an in vitro model of muscle net catabolism. Exploring the underlying mechanisms would also be of interest.
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The aim of this study was to determine the stage of change in which Chilean adults find themselves, with respect to their intention of purchasing packaged, popular foods with a warning label for critical nutrients. ⋯ We found that the majority of the respondents were in the precontemplation stage for most foods, except for sugar-sweetened beverages. In the case of sugar-sweetened beverages, most respondents were in the preparation, action, and maintenance stages.