Nutrition
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Providing adequate amounts of protein in preterm infants suffering from a metabolic disease that requires a reduced intake of natural protein is challenging. Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an inborn error of metabolism affecting the enzymatic conversion of phenylalanine to tyrosine. The dietary treatment of PKU aims to lower phenylalanine concentrations in the blood by implementing a low-phenylalanine diet restrictive in natural protein. ⋯ We show that nutrition of preterm infants with PKU according to recommendations of early and intensive nutrition with a high intake of protein is feasible even in infants with impaired enteral feeding. Due to a high phenylalanine tolerance of PKU infants during prematurity, there is no need for a phenylalanine-free parenteral amino acid mixture. During the catabolic state of prematurity preterm infants with PKU have phenylalanine requirements comparable to healthy preterm infants.
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Multicenter Study
Low iron stores in preconception nulliparous women; a two-center cross-sectional study in peri-urban Ghana.
The nutritional status of women affects pregnancy outcomes. Preconception care adequately prepares women for the demands of pregnancy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prepregnancy iron status of nulliparous women in Ghana to provide empirical data to inform policy formulation. ⋯ The high prevalence of depleted iron stores in nulliparous women is a severe public health problem that requires attention.
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Observational Study
Malnutrition in older adults: Correlations with social, diet-related, and neuropsychological factors.
The number of older adults is increasing rapidly. Malnutrition is a major problem in this age group, which may adversely affect health and quality of life. Several physiological, socioeconomic, and neuropsychological factors can lead to malnutrition. ⋯ Nutritional screening should be performed frequently in all community-dwelling older adults. Health experts should perform nutritional screening in all community-dwelling older adults as part of secondary prevention, and nutrition counselling and support should be offered in those at risk for malnutrition.
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The aim of this study was to evaluate whether low skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) and low phase angle (PhA) are associated with demographic, clinical, lifestyle, and nutritional status in patients dependent on alcohol and other substances. ⋯ Low SMI and low PhA are independently associated with heavy alcohol consumption. Low PhA is independently associated with cocaine or crack use.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Carbohydrate restriction in the morning increases weight loss effect of a hypocaloric Mediterranean type diet: a randomized, parallel group dietary intervention in overweight and obese subjects.
The aim of this study was to examine the effect of carbohydrate restriction in the morning in the framework of a hypocaloric Mediterranean diet on weight loss and metabolic parameters. ⋯ Integration of morning carbohydrate restriction into a Mediterranean-type hypocaloric diet resulted in greater weight loss while retaining metabolic benefits in glycemia-related parameters.