Nutrition
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The aim of this study was to determine the distribution of homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) values and define its cutoff associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS) in the participants of the Study of Cardiovascular Risk in Adolescents (Estudo de Risco Cardiovascular em Adolescentes). ⋯ These findings may serve as new reference points for detecting insulin resistance in Brazilian adolescents.
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The aim of this study was to determine the association between Mediterranean diet adherence, physical activity (PA) patterns (i.e., screen time and PA after school), and weight status with the cardiovascular response following a cardiorespiratory fitness test. ⋯ School children with obesity showed a higher cardiovascular response in HR and SBP than normal weight and overweight peers. Moreover, the increment of the SBP presented inverse association with food habits and PA patterns.
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The first aim of this study was to evaluate the health status and anthropometrical development of adopted children from Ethiopia living in southern Spain. A second aim was to evaluate the association between these parameters and adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern. ⋯ This prospective study of adopted Ethiopian children confirmed a rapid growth development that occurred from the beginning of the adoption process and continued after the 2-y of follow-up. A higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet was associated with better growth development, which reinforces the importance of a balanced and adequate diet in growing children.
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The association between skipping breakfast and glycemic parameters, including glycemic variability, in patients with type 2 diabetes is not well understood. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of skipping breakfast on glycemic parameters, including glycemic variability, in patients with type 2 diabetes. ⋯ Skipping breakfast is independently associated with poor glycemic control, including glycemic variability, in patients with type 2 diabetes.
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Fasting has long been practiced for political and religious reasons and to lose weight. However, biological responses during fasting have yet to be fully understood. Previous studies have shown that cytokines may control fat pad expansion, at least in part, owing to the induction of lipolysis. Indeed, we have previously shown that mice with a lower inflammatory response, such as platelet-activating factor receptor knockout mice (PAFR-/-), are prone to gain weight and adiposity. The aims of this study were to determine whether adipose tissue becomes inflamed after fasting and to evaluate whether the PAF signaling is a factor in the fat loss induced by fasting. ⋯ Despite low-grade inflammation being associated with metabolic syndrome, at least in part, the inflammatory milieu is also important to induce proper fat mobilization and remodeling of adipose tissue.