Nutrition
-
Randomized Controlled Trial
Consumption of a meal containing refined barley flour bread is associated with a lower postprandial blood glucose concentration after a second meal compared with one containing refined wheat flour bread in healthy Japanese: A randomized control trial.
Foods reducing postprandial hyperglycemia could suppress the postprandial blood glucose response after the next meal (a "second-meal" effect). However, the second-meal effect of refined barley flour bread has not been evaluated. The aim of this study is to determine whether consumption of refined barley flour bread reduces postprandial glucose concentrations after this and the subsequent meal. ⋯ Consumption of bread made with refined barley flour lowers postprandial blood glucose concentration after this and a subsequent meal compared with the consumption of refined wheat flour bread in healthy young Japanese adults.
-
Chemotherapy is one of the major treatments of cancer. However, the emergence of resistance to chemotherapeutic agents is still a major obstacle in the successful management of resistant tumors. Therefore, development of new mechanisms to overcome drug resistance is essential and may be further developed into effective therapies that can flip the switch from drug resistance to susceptibility. The aim of this study was to evaluate a combination consisting of a ketogenic diet and melatonin to determine whether it would inhibit cisplatin- and vincristine-resistant breast cancer. ⋯ The combination of melatonin and a ketogenic diet represents a promising option to overcome drug resistance in cancer chemotherapy. However, further testing on the protein level using flow cytometry is important to better understand the mechanisms of action.
-
Review
Current opinion on dietary advice in order to preserve fat-free mass during a low-calorie diet.
The loss of fat-free mass (FFM) that occurs during weight loss secondary to low-calorie diet can lead to numerous and deleterious consequences. We performed a review to evaluate the state of the art on metabolic and nutritional correlates of loss of fat free mass during low calorie diet and treatment for maintaining fat free mass. ⋯ Considering protein and amino acids intake, an adequate daily intake of leucine (4 g/d) and whey protein (20 g/d) is recommended. Regarding vitamin D, if the blood vitamin D has low values (<30 ng/mL), it is mandatory that adequate supplementation is provided, specifically calcifediol, because in the obese patient this form is recommended to avoid seizure in the adipose tissue; 3 to 4 drops/d or 20 to 30 drops/wk of calcifediol are generally adequate to restore normal 25(OH)D plasma levels in obese patients.
-
Randomized Controlled Trial
Effects of cholecalciferol supplementation on serum angiogenic biomarkers in breast cancer patients treated with tamoxifen: A controlled randomized clinical trial.
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of cholecalciferol supplementation on serum levels of angiogenic parameters in patients with breast cancer (BC) who were treated with tamoxifen. ⋯ Cholecalciferol supplementation achieved sufficient efficacy among patients with BC taking tamoxifen and could be effective in the reduction of angiogenic biomarkers particularly dependent on the infiltration status of the tumor to vessels. Further studies with larger subgroups should be investigated.
-
Observational Study
Sensitive and practical screening instrument for malnutrition in patients with chronic kidney disease.
The aims of this study were to examine the diagnostic accuracy of the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST) and the Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment Short Form (PG-SGA-SF) for detecting malnutrition in chronic kidney disease (CKD), study individual contributions of MUST and PG-SGA screening items to the explained variance in nutritional status (NS), and examine whether the PG-SGA-SF score, in combination with one of the items of the clinician's part of the cPG-SGA, can be used as a valid and compact nutrition assessment tool in patients with CKD. ⋯ Most malnourished patients with CKD failed to be identified with the MUST, whereas the PG-SGA-SF detected the majority of them with the screening item "NIS" having the highest individual contribution to the explained variance in NS. Combination of PG-SGA-SF with the item "metabolic stress" had the highest overall accuracy to detect malnutrition.