Nutrition
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Nutritional status significantly influences postoperative prognosis in gastrointestinal cancers. It has been evaluated using sarcopenia before treatments such as surgery and chemotherapy, despite constant changes in nutritional status. We consider that nutritional status at cancer recurrence is one of the important factors that affect treatment choice and intensity. This study evaluated the prognostic effects of improved postoperative nutritional status for people with colorectal cancer recurrence. ⋯ Among participants with preoperative sarcopenia, the prognosis at the time of recurrence improved for the sarcopenia-improvement group compared to the sarcopenia-continuation group. In people with colorectal cancer and sarcopenia, nutritional management is important not only before but also after surgery.
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The aim of this study was to verify the effects of consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD) combined with fructose-rich beverages (FRT) in promoting metabolic and physiologic changes associated with insulin resistance. ⋯ Consumption of an HFD + FRT promotes insulin resistance, increases inflammatory cytokines, and modulates histomorphometric parameters of the liver, pancreas, and adipose tissue, typical of insulin resistance in humans.
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D-galactosamine (Ga1N), a well-known hepatotoxic agent, induces liver injury resembling human viral hepatitis usually followed by the regeneration processes. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a cytoprotective factor involved in regeneration of the injured liver. However, the effects of exogenous HGF remain poorly understood because of its rapid clearance by the liver. ⋯ However, hepatocyte function tests revealed that although the regeneration process was initiated, its function was slightly altered by Ga1N. Therefore, to control its effect at a functional level, we tested fish oil doses and indicated its influence. This work can be a useful tool for studying hepatotoxic-induced cell regeneration in vitro; moreover, the data indicates that HGF and fish oil has hepatoprotective activity against Ga1N and may aid as a suitable adjuvant in clinical conditions associated with liver damage.
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Malnutrition is a frequent comorbidity in people with cancer, associated with poor tolerance of anticancer treatments, prognosis, and quality of life. Despite the abundance of scientific literature supporting this evidence and the availability of international guidelines for managing nutritional care in people with cancer, attitudes about this issue still vary considerably among oncologists, to the point that many patients who are malnourished do not receive adequate nutritional support. ⋯ In 2019, the Italian Society of Oncological Surgery and the Technical Scientific Association of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics joined the working group. In this article, we present the updated initiatives and the perspectives of this intersociety project.
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Chronic low-grade inflammation in obesity is partly driven by inflammatory cross talk between adipocytes and interferon-γ-secreting CD4+ T-helper (Th)1 cells, a process we have shown may be mitigated by long-chain (LC) ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Our objective was to study pivotal mediators of interactions between Th1 cells and adipocytes as potential mechanisms underlying the antiinflammatory effects of LC ω-3 PUFAs. ⋯ Inflammatory interactions between CD4+ T cells and adipocytes may provide a target for LC ω-3 PUFAs to mitigate obesity-associated inflammation.