Nutrition
-
We sought to investigate the association between food-outlet availability near Australian secondary schools and frequency of Australian students' discretionary food purchases. ⋯ Availability of major fast-food chains near Australian secondary schools appears to be a key driver of Australian students' discretionary food purchasing. Restricting these outlets near schools may help reduce adolescents' discretionary food intake.
-
The aim of this study was to examine the association among family income, dietary knowledge, their interaction, and the multiple household dietary diversity indices (HDDIs), including dietary diversity score (DDS), entropy index (EI), Shannon equitability index (SEI), Herfindahl index (HI), and Simpson index (SI). ⋯ The present findings indicated that with an increase in income and dietary knowledge, rural residents in China would consume more diversified foods. There was a substitution effect of family income and dietary knowledge on HDDIs; that is, with an increase in family income, the effect of dietary knowledge on HDDIs would decrease. The findings of this study contributed to a better understanding of issues related to the dietary diversity of rural residents in China in the context of rising income and residents' increasing dietary knowledge.
-
Observational Study
Qualitative and quantitative muscle ultrasound changes in patients with COVID-19-related ARDS.
Severe forms of the novel coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) are associated with systemic inflammation and hypercatabolism. The aims of this study were to compare the time course of the size and quality of both rectus femoris and diaphragm muscles between critically ill, COVID-19 survivors and non-survivors and to explore the correlation between the change in muscles size and quality with the amount of nutritional support delivered and the cumulative fluid balance. ⋯ Early changes in muscle size and quality seem related to the outcome of critically ill COVID-19 patients, and to be influenced by nutritional and fluid management strategies.
-
Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and its prognostic impact on patients hospitalized with COVID-19.
Although hypovitaminosis D appears to be highly prevalent in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), its impact on their prognosis remains unclear. ⋯ Regardless of the potential usefulness of Vit-D measurement to guide appropriate supplementation, Vit-D does not appear to provide helpful information for the stratification of in-hospital prognosis in patients with COVID-19.
-
Musculoskeletal fitness and body composition are major components of health-related physical fitness that are expected to be linked to each other. The aim of this study was to explore the association of musculoskeletal fitness (expressed as hand grip strength [HGS]) and raw bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) variables and other predictors in the second and third decades of life. ⋯ This study provides some insight into the use of raw BIA variables and HGS in the first decades of life, suggesting a new approach for a reliable assessment of muscle quality in terms of both muscle structure and strength.