Nutrition
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Observational Study
Association of phase angle with hospital-acquired functional decline in older patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery.
The aim of this study was to examine whether preoperative phase angle (PhA) measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis was associated with a hospital-acquired functional decline in older patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery. ⋯ PhA was associated with hospital-acquired functional decline in older patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery. PhA is likely to be a comprehensive indicator of physical health that indicates nutritional status, physical function, and geriatric syndrome (frailty/sarcopenia), and is an important predictor of hospital-acquired functional decline in this group of older patients.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Comparison of short-term hypocaloric high-protein diets with a hypocaloric Mediterranean diet: Effect on body composition and health-related blood markers in overweight and sedentary young participants.
The aim of the present study was to compare the short-term effects of a hypocaloric Mediterranean diet and two high protein diets, with and without whey protein supplementation, on body composition, lipidemic profile, and inflammation and muscle-damage blood indices in overweight, sedentary, young participants. ⋯ Among the three hypocaloric diets, only the Mediterranean diet induced positive changes in body composition and metabolic profile in overweight, sedentary individuals.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Effects of extra virgin olive oil and pecans on plasma fatty acids in patients with stable coronary artery disease.
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a healthy diet supplemented with extra virgin olive oil or pecans on plasma fatty acids (PFAs) in patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD). ⋯ In patients with stable CAD, there were no significant differences in PFAs after 12 wk according to dietary interventions evaluated.
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Regardless of the positive effect of yacon on metabolic markers, this food contains fructose molecules, which can originate advanced glycation end products (AGEs). High AGEs serum concentrations can contribute to excess body weight. We evaluated the effect of consuming an energy-restricted diet and yacon flour on glycation markers concentrations, and the associations between these markers and factors linked to obesity in adults with excess body weight. ⋯ The consumption of 25 g of yacon flour associated with an energy-restricted diet did not increase concentrations of glycation markers. Changes in glycation markers were positively associated with changes in consolidated anthropometric and biochemical markers related to being overweight. Assessing glycation markers may be a useful strategy for monitoring responses to dietary interventions in subjects with excess body weight.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Caffeine decreases ammonemia in athletes using a ketogenic diet during prolonged exercise.
Both exercise and a ketogenic (low-carbohydrate) diet favor glycogen depletion and increase ammonemia, which can impair physical performance. Caffeine supplementation has been routinely used to improve exercise performance. Herein, the effect of xanthine was evaluated on ammonemia in cyclists who were placed on a ketogenic diet and engaged in prolonged exercise. ⋯ Our results suggest that the consumption of caffeine might attenuate the increase in ammonemia that occurs during exercise.