Nutrition
-
The aim of this study was to investigate the association between self-perceived body image and body composition in the sexes and in different age classes. ⋯ The Williamson's figure scale silhouettes appear to be a suitable technique to screen for adiposity in epidemiologic studies and for routine applications.
-
Review Meta Analysis
An updated systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of the effects of α-lipoic acid supplementation on glycemic markers in adults.
This systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis was conducted to summarize data from available clinical trials on the effects of α-lipoic acid (ALA) supplementation on glycemic markers including glucose, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), insulin, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), HOMA-β, and quantitative insulin check index in adults. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in the electronic databases of PubMed, Web of Science, ProQuest, Embase and SCOPUS from inception to February 2020. Among all of the eligible studies, 28 articles were selected. ⋯ No evidence of departure from linearity was observed between dose and duration of the ALA supplementation on other markers. The subgrouping revealed that ALA dosage and duration of ALA supplementation, health status of participants, geographic locations and the studies' quality are possible sources of heterogeneity. In summary, ALA supplementation improves serum insulin and insulin resistance in a two-class and duration dependent non-linear analysis.
-
Review Meta Analysis
Effectiveness of oral vitamin D supplementation in improving disease severity among patients with psoriasis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Many treatment modalities have been used to manage psoriasis; however, there is, to our knowledge, no pooled estimate for the effectiveness of oral vitamin D supplements in patients with psoriasis. Hence, the aim of the present study was to systematically review and meta-analyze the efficacy of oral vitamin D supplementation in lessening disease severity of patients with psoriasis. ⋯ A favorable effect of oral vitamin D supplementation in patients with psoriasis could not be verified. More randomized controlled trials with larger sample sizes are needed to produce robust results.
-
CrossFit (CF) is characterized as a constantly varied, high-intensity, functional movement training program, performed with little or no rest between bouts, combining strength and endurance exercises, such as running, cycling, rowing, Olympic weightlifting, power weightlifting, and gymnastic-type exercises. Several nutritional strategies are used to improve sports performance of CF practitioners; however, most of them are empirical and lack scientific evidence. Thus, the aim of this review was to determine the effects of diet intervention, dietary supplements, and performance-enhancing substances on exercise-performance parameters of CF practitioners. ⋯ These outcomes may have been obtained due to methodological limitations such as small sample size, lack of control over influencing variables, short period of exercise intervention. Despite the popularity and growing evidence about CF, little is known about the relationship between performance-enhancing substances or dietary interventions and CF performance. Given the lack of scientific evidence, new studies with potential ergogenic supplements, a better methodological model, and practical application are required.
-
Multicenter Study
An evaluation of urine and serum iodine status in the population of Tibet, China: No longer an iodine-deficient region.
Iodine is a critical trace element for the synthesis of thyroid-related hormones, and either low or high iodine status can lead to thyroid dysfunction. This study aimed to evaluate the iodine status of the Tibetan population. ⋯ This multicenter cross-sectional study found that the human iodine status of adults in Tibet was considered adequate, based on the World Health Organization's criteria.