Nutrition
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This study aimed to examine the secular trends of dietary food groups and diet quality among adults, overall and by sex, education, and employment status. ⋯ Over a decade, in addition to improvements in intake of a number of dietary food groups, the estimated overall diet quality of the study population showed a modest improvement. These findings may determine areas for more attention to improve the overall dietary intake of the population.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Vitamin D supplementation reduces serum lipids of children with hypertriacylglycerolemia: A randomized, triple-masked, placebo-controlled crossover trial.
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of cholecalciferol supplementation on the body composition and metabolic profile of children with hypertriacylglycerolemia. ⋯ Cholecalciferol supplementation improved the lipid profile of children with hypertriacylglycerolemia without altering body composition.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Olive oil-based lipid emulsion is noninferior to soybean oil-based lipid emulsion in the acute care setting: A double-blind randomized controlled trial.
Olive oil (OO)-based intravenous lipid emulsion (IVLE) may have biological advantages for nutrition and inflammation status compared with soybean oil (SO)-based IVLE. We aimed to compare prealbumin levels during infusion of OO- or SO-based IVLE in patients receiving parenteral nutrition in the acute-care setting. ⋯ In this study, OO-based IVLE was not inferior to SO-based IVLE in maintaining or increasing the prealbumin level. The improvement of C-reactive protein levels and other clinical outcomes were not different for both groups.
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Lifestyle modification, including a healthy diet, is of paramount importance in the management of diabetes mellitus. To this end, diets have been proposed with low glycemic index (an index of carbohydrate food expressing how quickly this nutrient can increase blood glucose) and glycemic load (an index obtained by multiplying the glycemic index by the grams of carbohydrate, then dividing by 100). The aim of this review was to discuss the potential contribution of diets with low glycemic index and glycemic load in diabetic microvascular complications. Currently, their role to the prevention and delay of microvascular complications in diabetes mellitus remains unclear, and further knowledge is desirable.
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Dietary fiber is a group of heterogeneous substances that are neither digested nor absorbed in the small intestine. Some fibers can be classified as prebiotics if they are metabolized by beneficial bacteria present in the hindgut microbiota. ⋯ Other fibers are considered candidates to prebiotics or have prebiotic potential, and apparently some have no prebiotic effect on humans. This dietary fiber classification by the prebiotic categories contributes to a better understanding of these concepts in the literature, to the stimulation of the processing and consumption of foods rich in fiber and other products with prebiotic properties, and to the development of protocols and guidelines on food sources of prebiotics.