Nutrition
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This study aimed to analyze the relationship between food insecurity and school meal consumption, adjusted for sociodemographic variables. ⋯ The Brazilian School Food Program has contributed greatly to food security. Although the guarantee of universality is essential for the program to reach all school children who are experiencing food insecurity, the program should also aim for greater equity.
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Species Lactobacillus acidophilus and butyrate producer Clostridium cochlearium have been shown to have potential antiobesity effects. The aim of this study was to show that the combination of C. cochlearium and L. acidophilus (CC-LA) has beneficial effects on body weight control and glucose homeostasis in high-fat diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. ⋯ The present study provided evidence that the CC-LA combination reduced obesity and improved glucose metabolism in high-fat diet-treated DIO mice, potentially mediated by the modulation of gut microbiota.
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Alzheimer disease (AD) is the most common form of neurodegenerative disease in older adults and has a complicated etiology. Recently, the roles of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), the main metabolites generated by fermentation of dietary fiber by gut microbiota, in the pathogenesis of AD have attracted considerable interest. ⋯ According to the currently available evidence, SCFAs, particularly butyrate, cause important biological effects that interfere with the development of AD. However, the effect of other SCFAs, such as propionate, on AD might be either beneficial or harmful to different pathways, indicating that the role of SCFAs in the pathogenesis of AD is rather complicated and warrants further investigations.
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Prospective cohort studies linking dietary patterns and hyperuricemia (HUA) are limited, especially in Asian populations. The aim of this study was to prospectively investigate the association between various dietary patterns and risk for HUA in a general adult population. ⋯ Dietary patterns rich in animal or sweet foods were positively associated with a higher risk for HUA, whereas the vegetable pattern was negatively associated.
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Several dietary patterns are associated with cardiovascular diseases. Traditional, Western, Mediterranean, and vegetarian are common dietary patterns, derived from principal component analysis (PCA) of dietary food intakes associated with cardiovascular diseases; however, these patterns were derived mostly from the diet habits of people in Western and European countries. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine dietary patterns linked with coronary artery disease (CAD) in the Nepalese population. ⋯ PCA-derived non-traditional dietary patterns can be a risk for developing CAD in Nepalese people. However, further cohort studies or randomized community trials are suggested to confirm our findings.