Nutrition
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Cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) is a clinical condition that requires appropriate nutritional counseling during breastfeeding and the introduction of complementary feeding. Using evidence-based dietetic advice is critical for correct growth and development during childhood. The aim of this study was to review the most recent literature on nutritional counseling aimed at infants between 0 and 2 y of age diagnosed with CMPA. ⋯ This scoping review collected, in a structured and comprehensive way, the most recent available information regarding nutritional counseling in CMPA for a successful dietetic intervention of the casuistry that may arise during early infancy.
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Sarcopenia defined as low skeletal muscle mass (LSMM) is associated with several clinically relevant factors in people who are critically ill. The aim of the present study was to analyze the role of LSMM derived from thoracic computed tomography (CT) for prediction of mortality and prognosis of acute pulmonary embolism (PE). ⋯ SMI at Th5 derived from thoracic CT has a relevant effect on 30-d mortality in people with acute PE and should be included in the clinical routine.
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Food neophobia is a rejection or avoidance of novel food products. Despite the adaptive importance of this behavior, it exerts a negative influence on dietary habits and preferences. Sensory sensitivity relates to food neophobia and among specific sensory modalities, olfaction seems to be an obvious candidate for a correlate of this behavior as odor perception largely affects food intake and enjoyment. However, research on olfactory perception and food neophobia is scarce, and despite some promising results, the full picture of their association still awaits discovery. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between food neophobia and olfaction in adolescents, a group that has not been included in the previous studies investigating this association. ⋯ The overall regression model suggested that self-assessed sensitivity and odor awareness were the most influential, olfaction-related predictors of food neophobia in adolescents.
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Probiotics are gaining interest as alternative options for antibiotic or antiinflammatory drugs. Probiotics can affect the health of the host through metabolites and competitive inhibition adhesion of pathogenic microorganisms. Koumiss is an important part of the diet of Asian nomads, and is rich in a broad array of probiotics that can benefit the body. Mongolians have developed koumiss therapy to assist in the treatment of various diseases. In the present study, we investigate the beneficial effect of Lactobacillus paracasei, a strain isolated from koumiss, on a mouse model of diarrhea induced by Escherichia coli O8 (E. coli O8). ⋯ L. paracasei reduced the intestinal permeability, induced the expression of mucin 2, oligomeric mucus/gel-forming protein, and increased the number of goblet cells in mice by the upregulation of the expression of TJ proteins via the nuclear factor kappa B cells-myosin light-chain kinase signaling pathway.