Nutrition
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Review Meta Analysis
Meta-analysis Dietary glycemic index, glycemic load intake, and risk for lung cancer: A meta-analysis of observational studies.
This meta-analysis evaluated the relationship between dietary glycemic index (GI), glycemic load (GL), and lung cancer risk, which has been controversial in previous studies. We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases for relevant studies from inception to October 2021 in English only. We included case-control and cohort studies that reported relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) between dietary GI or GL intake and lung cancer risk. ⋯ A linear association between GI intake and lung cancer risk was observed. The present meta-analysis suggests that high dietary GI intake is associated with a significantly increased risk of lung cancer in a linear fashion. However, no significant association was observed between GL and lung cancer risk.
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Multicenter Study
Central body fat deposits are associated with poor vitamin D status in Chinese children and adolescents.
To examine the association between regional fat deposits and vitamin D levels in Chinese children. Whether regional fat distribution contributes to vitamin D deficiency remains uncertain. ⋯ Regional fat deposits were associated with vitamin D status in Chinese school-aged children and more pronounced among boys.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Concentrated fish oil ameliorates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by regulating fibroblast growth factor 21-adiponectin axis.
The fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21)-adiponectin axis participates in energy hemostasis and obesity-related syndrome. The present study aimed to investigate whether concentrated fish oil (FO) intervention could alleviate non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) via the regulation of the FGF21-adiponectin axis. ⋯ The present study suggested that FO could potentially ameliorate NAFLD through mediating the FGF21-adiponectin axis.
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Multicenter Study
Comparative assessment of abdominal and thigh muscle characteristics using CT-derived images.
The aim of this study was to compare the assessment of skeletal muscle area (SMA in cm²), skeletal muscle index (SMI in cm²/m²), and skeletal muscle density (SMD in HU) between third lumbar vertebra (L3) and thigh landmarks, and the agreement in diagnosing low muscle mass and low SMD (L3 as the reference method). ⋯ Muscle characteristics between L3and thigh landmarks have a strong correlation. This suggests that images of the thigh can be used to characterize muscle characteristics. Image acquisition and analysis of thigh region is simpler, with less radiation exposure, and consequently more appropriate for longitudinal analysis.
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School-aged children in São Miguel Island, Azores, Portugal, are a population with a long history of iodine deficiency, and a recent governmental program for iodized salt (IS) consumption was implemented. This study investigated urinary iodine concentration (UIC), household and school IS consumption, and iodine-rich food intake in school-aged children. ⋯ School-aged children in São Miguel Island did not have iodine deficiency after the governmental program for IS consumption. Adequate iodine status of school-aged children probably reflects not only an increase in iodine intake, through IS, but also an improvement of food intake patterns. Future studies are needed to ensure the sufficient iodine status of school-aged children in the Azores, and political commitment and efforts are required to prevent the possible reemergence of iodine deficiency.