Nutrition
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Maternal diets have effects on intestinal mucosal flora and susceptibility to colitis of offspring mice during early life.
Intestinal flora is considered closely related to the occurrence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This study aimed to discover whether diverse diet conditions during early life lead to different intestinal flora structure and impact different susceptibility to IBD. ⋯ In general, our study shows that a maternal high-protein diet during early life can negatively regulate the intestinal flora diversity of offspring mice. A high-protein diet during early life led to higher susceptibility of IBD in offspring rats.
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Type 2 diabetes control occurs within a few days after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and might be related to intestinal adaptation to the new anatomic arrangement. The aim of this study was to evaluate the intestinal transcriptome response to RYGB and its correlation with markers of glycemic homeostasis. ⋯ In obese women, complete remission of T2D after RYGB might include intestinal transcriptomic changes that suggest a potential role of intracellular cholesterol and lipid homeostasis on glucose control.
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The most common causes of morbidity and mortality are cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), which are typically associated with stress, insufficient exercise, poor diet, and overweight. CVDs can be prevented by modifying certain risk factors, such as cholesterol and blood sugar levels and body weight. Natural sugars from fruits and honey have long been part of the human diet. ⋯ Additionally, the concentrations of the bioactive components of stevia leaves have no clear correlation with their biological properties, especially in human models. Therefore, future research should be focused on in vivo studies evaluating the effects of regular consumption of stevia products on the cardiovascular system and CVD risk factors, both in healthy individuals and those with diabetes. Further studies are needed to clarify the mechanism of action behind the functional effects of stevia preparations, including those of two major secondary metabolites: stevioside and rebaudioside A.
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Overnutrition is a poor dietary habit that has been correlated with increased health risks, especially in the developed world. This leads to an imbalance between energy storage and energy breakdown. Many biochemical processes involving hormones are involved in conveying the excess of energy into pathologic states, mainly atherosclerosis, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes. ⋯ In parallel, important effects of diets on the immune system are explored as essential components that can undermine the overall health outcome. Additionally, the subtle but relevant relation between diet and sleep is investigated for its impact on the cardiovascular system and quality of life. The aim of this review is to focus on how calorie restriction triggers multiple molecular pathways that ultimately lead to hormetic effects resulting in cell longevity and resistance to cardiovascular disease, stroke, and cancer.
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Micronutrient deficiencies are common in hospitalized patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We aimed to investigate the prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies, and explore relevant factors in hospitalized patients with IBD. ⋯ Hospitalized patients with IBD were at risk of multiple micronutrient deficiencies, even those with a recent diagnosis or in remission. There were interactions between micronutrients and nutritional indices. Early identification and correction of micronutrient deficiency, as well as relevant factors, may improve clinical outcomes.