Nutrition
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Deficits in cognitive functions dependent on the prefrontal cortex related to the dietary intake of nutrients and adiposity in young individuals are not well known. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of high adiposity on executive functioning and their relationship with dietary intake of macro- and micronutrients in young women. ⋯ These findings suggest that impairments in executive functioning may predispose young women to overconsumption of unhealthy nutrients that consequently induces obesity.
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High-fat diet (HFD) and high-carbohydrate diet (HCD) are strongly linked to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, a hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome. The mechanism of pathologic progression from nonalcoholic fatty liver disease to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, which is a more severe form associated with inflammation and fibrosis, remains poorly understood. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate and compare the inflammatory and coagulative state of the liver in short-term HFD- or HCD-fed mice with acute liver injury induced by concanavalin A (Con A). ⋯ Short-term HCD and HFD increased susceptibility to liver injury. HCD tended to induce more intense inflammation, whereas HFD tended to induce more intense hypercoagulation, suggesting that HCD and HFD may have different mechanisms of pathologic progression to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
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Intake of dietary fibers promotes the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which can affect host inflammation via gut microbial fermentation. Although partially hydrolyzed guar-gum (PHGG) is a water-soluble dietary fiber with lower viscosity, its benefits in acute inflammation are yet to be determined. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of PHGG intake on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α production. ⋯ These results demonstrated that inflammation was inhibited by habitual PHGG ingestion, suggesting that this phenomenon might be associated with changes in gut microbiota-induced SCFAs production.
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The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of maternal protein restriction during pregnancy on the lungs of 1-d and 31-d old offspring of C57BL/6 mice. ⋯ Protein restriction during pregnancy reduces the body weight of offspring and promotes inflammation and oxidative stress, resulting in a simplification of the lung structure.