Nutrition
-
The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of food consumption and body composition on bone parameters in adolescent soccer players. ⋯ In adolescent soccer players, lean mass was a predictor of bone parameters, and high protein intake was negatively associated with bone mass and geometry.
-
Randomized Controlled Trial
Gene-diet interaction in response to defatted flaxseed flour supplementation on obesity-related traits in Chinese overweight and obese adults: A randomized controlled trial.
Effects of dietary fiber on obesity-related traits in previous studies were inconsistent. The aim of the present study was to explore whether variants in genes related to satiety and appetite can modulate the effect of dietary fiber on obesity-related traits. Fifty-one overweight or obese adults were randomly allocated to two groups to consume control biscuits (n = 24) or biscuits containing defatted flaxseed flour (n = 27) at breakfast for 8 wk. ⋯ Compared with control biscuits, defatted flaxseed-flour biscuits significantly reduced body weight (P = 0.001) and body mass index (BMI) (P = 0.001) in A-allele carriers (AA + AT) of rs11076023 on the FTO gene but not in non-carriers (TT) (P for the interaction = 0.005 and 0.006) and decreased fasting serum glucose in participants with CC genotype (P = 0.019) but had less effect in T-allele carriers (TT + TC) (P = 0.021) of rs16147 on the NPY gene (P for the interaction = 0.002). Compared with the control biscuits, defatted flaxseed flour significantly reduced body weight (P < 0.001) in T-allele carriers (TT + TC) of rs155971 on the PCSK1 gene but not in non-carriers (CC) (P for the interaction = 0.041) and reduced body weight (P = 0.001) and BMI (P < 0.001) in A-allele carriers (AA + AG) of rs6265 on the BDNF gene but not non-carriers (GG) (P for the interaction = 0.017 and 0.018). Variants of genes related to satiety and appetite could modulate the effect of defatted flaxseed flour on obesity-related traits.
-
Multicenter Study Observational Study
Association between body mass index change and mortality in critically ill patients: A retrospective observational study.
Previous studies have emphasized the association between baseline body mass index (BMI) and mortality in patients during a stay in the intensive care unit (ICU). However, to our knowledge, few studies have focused on BMI change during an ICU stay. The aim of this study was to explore the prognostic value of BMI change during ICU hospitalization. ⋯ The present study exposed the potential hazard of increasing BMI for hospital and ICU mortalities during ICU hospitalization and indicating that patients in the ICU may benefit from a more balanced nutritional strategy.
-
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the link between the dietary insulin index (DII) and dietary insulin load (DIL) and cardiometabolic risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). ⋯ Higher DII and DIL were positively related to greater risks for both MetS and abdominal obesity among patients with T2DM. Additionally, higher DIL was associated with a higher risk for obesity in the Ravansar population. However, further prospective investigations are needed to clarify the cause-and-effect link between DII, DIL, and cardiovascular risk factors in patients with T2DM.
-
Although the association between child malnutrition and maternal employment status has been widely studied in several developing countries, the causal effect of mothers' employment on their children's health remains largely unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the causal effect of maternal employment on child malnutrition in five South Asian countries. ⋯ In the present study, an adverse effect of maternal labor market participation on the nutritional status of under-five children in South Asian countries was found. These findings could be helpful for policymakers in South Asian countries to adopt suitable policies to reduce malnutrition among children, especially for the children of employed mothers.