Nutrition
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This is a psychometric study aimed at proposing a scale for estimating the consumption of ultraprocessed foods using item response theory. ⋯ The proposed ultraprocessed foods consumption scale presents an estimation of consistency and is a potential brief tool for use in assessing the consumption of this food group.
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This study aimed to evaluate all known risk factors, from perinatal to adolescence and identify those predominantly related with prospective BMI deterioration. ⋯ The most predominant risk factors influencing children's prospective BMI deterioration were parental BMI and country economic classification as compared to perinatal. These findings should guide public health initiatives aiming to tackle the childhood obesity epidemic and social inequalities on a European level.
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Observational Study
Sarcopenia prevalence in patients with cancer and association with adverse prognosis: A nationwide survey on common cancers.
Although previous studies have implicated the negative outcomes of sarcopenia, evidence is limited to one or a few types of cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the distribution and influencing factors of sarcopenia, and explore the relationship between sarcopenia and cancer prognosis in a large oncological population. ⋯ Age is the most important risk factor for sarcopenia even in patients with cancer. Sarcopenia is strongly associated with a poor quality of life and reduced overall survival.
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Wasting in cancer patients has long been recognized as a condition that adversely affects cancer patients' quality of life, treatment tolerance, and oncological outcomes. Historically, this condition was mainly evaluated by changes in body weight. However, this approach is not quite accurate because body weight is the overall change of all body compartments. ⋯ Changes in body composition assessment in cancer patients have historically been underappreciated because of the limited availability of measurement tools. As more evidence highlighting the importance of body composition has emerged, it is imperative to apply a more precise evaluation of nutritional status and a more targeted approach to provide nutritional support for cancer patients. In this review, we will discuss the modalities for evaluating body composition and how to manage body composition changes in cancer patients.
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The association between metabolic syndrome (MetS), a cluster of cardiometabolic risk factors, and salt consumption has fed intense debate in recent years, although it is yet to be fully elucidated. We aimed to evaluate whether individuals with MetS have a high salt consumption and to identify which components of the MetS diagnosis could be independently related to high salt consumption. ⋯ Salt intake should be reduced worldwide, but strategies must be more intense in people with elevated blood pressure and waist circumference, regardless of MetS diagnosis, to avoid the associated morbidity and mortality.