Nutrition
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The aim of this article is to explore the differences in the prevalence, sociodemographic determinants, and effects of food insecurity between international and domestic students in an Australian university during the COVID-19 pandemic. ⋯ International students experienced a higher risk of food insecurity than domestic students during the pandemic in Australia. More tailored interventions to address food insecurity need to be developed for international and domestic students by considering their different experiences.
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Child anemia is a severe public health concern in low- and middle-income countries. Identifying anemia change over time, its spatial heterogeneity, and the influencing factors is critical to monitoring and prioritizing successful interventions. This analysis uses nationally representative Demographic and Health Surveys administrated in 11 East African countries, which included 149 864 children. ⋯ Nutrition, genetic hemoglobin disorders, physical environment, poverty, and maternal and community characteristics influence child anemia. Multisectorial interventions that improve maternal and child nutrition are needed. These analyses support the design and prioritization of interventions in high-risk areas and communities.
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The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of soybean, medium-chain triacylglycerols (MCTs), olive oil, and fish oil (SMOF) on short-term clinical outcomes, physical growth, and extrauterine growth retardation (EUGR) in very preterm infants. ⋯ Compared with MCT/LCT, SMOF can reduce the risk for PN-associated cholestasis and metabolic bone disease of prematurity in very preterm infants and has a negative effect on growth velocity but has no effect on the incidence of EUGR.
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The beta-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2) is involved in energy balance regulation. The objective of our study was to evaluate the role of the rs1042714 genetic variant of ADRB2 gene on weight loss, body composition, and metabolic changes secondary to partial meal replacement (pMR) hypocaloric diet in women with obesity. ⋯ The G allele of rs1042714 predicts the magnitude of weight loss resulting from a pMR diet. These adiposity improvements produce a better improvement of insulin resistance and percentage of impaired glucose metabolism in G allele carriers.
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Enteral nutrition is the key therapy in septic patients. Different formulas of enteral nutrition have various effects on gastrointestinal sepsis. Therefore, we investigated the effects of enteral nutrition supplemented with octanoic acid on lipopolysaccharide-induced intestinal injury and explored the potential mechanism. ⋯ Enteral nutrition supplemented with octanoic acid prevents lipopolysaccharide-induced intestinal injury via the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ/STAT-1/myeloid differentiation factor 88 pathway.