Nutrition
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In determining obesity and body adiposity, triponderal mass index (TMI) is as strong an anthropometric measurement as body mass index (BMI). The aim of this study was to develop TMI reference values for Turkish children and adolescents and compare TMI with BMI according to body adiposity and obesity indices. ⋯ We considered that TMI is as effective as BMI in terms of waist/height ratio, waist circumference, arm fat area, and body fat percentage in determining overweight and obesity in children. The ages at which TMI showed distinct variation were determined for both sexes.
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Anthocyanins are polyphenols that are promising chemopreventive agents. They stand out for their anti-inflammatory properties, with specific modulatory actions on the immune system. Additionally, regarding the immune system, a group of cells identified as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been attracting attention, mainly because of their capacity to migrate to sites of inflammation and produce potent immunomodulatory effects. Considering the ability of these cells to act on the immune system, as well as the properties of anthocyanins, especially delphinidin, in modulating the immune system, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of delphinidin in influencing some immunoregulatory properties of MSCs. ⋯ Overall, this work showed that delphinidin can modify the immunomodulatory properties of MSCs, increasing the IL-10 production by macrophages.
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The aim of this study was to assess the dietary inflammatory index (DII) and its association with maternal factors and excess body weight in Brazilian children aged <2 y during complementary feeding. ⋯ Children's proinflammatory diet during the period of complementary feeding was associated with maternal proinflammatory diets, lower education, and absence of breastfeeding practice.
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The ketogenic diet (KD) has been reported to reverse metabolic dysfunction in obesity. However, it remains unknown how the KD affects the balance between the classical and counterregulatory renin-angiotensin system (RAS) arms in adipose tissue, which carries important implications for metabolic function in adipocytes. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of the obesogenic diet and the KD on RAS balance in white and brown fat. ⋯ Despite fat depot-specific differences in RAS components, the obesogenic diet promoted the classical RAS arm, whereas the KD attenuated it and enhanced the counterregulatory arm.
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Handgrip strength (HGS) is a surrogate marker of general risk and nutritional status, frequently used in clinical practice. This study aimed to determine clinically useful reference intervals for healthy, young adults from Northern Europe. ⋯ In this study, we established reference intervals for HGS in healthy Swedish adults ages 18 to 26 y. As a surrogate marker of whole-body muscle mass, these reference intervals can be used in health assessments and the planning of health-promoting measures in the individual young adults. Differences in HGS based on height warrant height-specific reference intervals that should be established locally.