Nutrition
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Review Meta Analysis
Consumption patterns of energy drinks in university students: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Energy drink (ED) use is promoted to stimulate mental and/or physical activity, and their popularity has increased over the years, especially among young people. However, the use of EDs is often improper, and can induce adverse effects for human health. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to analyze the literature to characterize the prevalence of ED consumption and motivations for use among undergraduate students. Furthermore, adverse effects and health-related behaviors associated with ED consumption were explored. ⋯ These findings suggest that the inappropriate use of EDs and related unhealthy behaviors should be identified early, and addressed through effective educational interventions.
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Review Meta Analysis
Sensitivity and specificity of mid-upper arm circumference for assessment of severe acute malnutrition among children ages 6 to 59 months: Systematic review and meta-analysis.
Sensitivity is the proportion of people classified as diseased (i.e., no false negatives). A test with low sensitivity can be thought of as being too cautious in finding a positive result. ⋯ The sensitivity of MUAC is lower compared with the specificity to detect SAM, and varies from area to area.
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Observational studies indicate that tea intake is associated with a decreased risk of kidney stones. Here we performed a mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to evaluate whether this association is causal. ⋯ This study suggests that tea intake may be causally associated with a decreased risk of kidney stones.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Influence of food matrix delivery system on the bioavailability of vitamin D3: A randomized crossover trial in postmenopausal women.
Vitamin D insufficiency (blood 25-hydroxyvitamin D <50 nmol/L) is a global health problem. Vitamin D food fortification might be a solution, but knowledge is sparse on which food matrices yield the highest bioavailability. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of different food matrices including complex formations with whey proteins on the human bioavailability of vitamin D. ⋯ The bioavailability of D3 was superior in milk and water compared with juice, regardless of whether WPI was added.
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High-protein diets (HPDs) are widely accepted to enhance satiety and energy expenditure and thus have become a popular strategy to lose weight and facilitate muscle protein synthesis. However, long-term high-protein consumption could be linked with metabolic and clinical problems such as renal and liver dysfunctions. This study verified the effects of 8-wk high-protein ingestion on lipid peroxidation and sphingolipid metabolism in the plasma, cerebral cortex, and hypothalamus in rats. ⋯ This study showed that HPD substantially affected hypothalamic metabolic pathways, which potentially alter cerebral output signals to the peripheral tissues.