Nutrition
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Review Meta Analysis
Efficacy and acceptability of vitamin D supplements for depressed patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
This systematic review and meta-analysis synthesized the evidence from randomized controlled trials comparing vitamin D and placebo in reducing depressive symptoms and contributing to all-cause dropout rates. ⋯ Heterogeneous data suggested that vitamin D supplements are effective and safe for depressed patients.
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Obesity is characterized not only by an increase of fat mass but also by alterations in skeletal muscle. Bioimpedance analysis (BIA)-derived phase angle (PhA) may provide specific information on the inherent characteristics of fat-free mass, and is widely used as an index of poor nutritional status. The aim of this study was to describe whether and to what extent PhA varies depending on age, sex, and body mass index (BMI) in individuals with different weight status. ⋯ A more detailed appraisal of BIA-derived PhA in obesity is reported in the present study, providing basic data that might be taken into consideration in prevention and clinical nutrition. Further studies are needed to explore differences of PhA in individuals with different weight status.
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This study aimed to investigate free sugar consumption (FSC) in relation to leisure screen time in children. ⋯ Exceeding the recommendation of screen time is associated with greater FSC in children. Future interventions should be directed toward restricting screen time and FSC in children.
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Little is known whether diet quality modulates lung cancer risk in smokers. The aim of the study was to assess the dietary habits of a large group of volunteers participating in the lung cancer screening program. ⋯ The surveyed population of smokers did not follow dietary recommendations; there was a particularly high index of an unhealthy diet in by people diagnosed with lung cancer. Prevention programs should be based on encouraging smoking cessation, lifestyle modification, and methods of early detection of lung cancer. Lifestyle modification should include changing eating habits based on a healthy diet, which may be an additional factor in reducing the risk of developing cancer.
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The proper intake of nutrients is essential to the growth and maturation of youngsters. In sub-Saharan Africa, 1 in 7 children dies before age 5 y, and more than a third of these deaths are attributed to malnutrition. The main purpose of this study was to develop a majority voting-based hybrid ensemble (MVBHE) learning model to accelerate the prediction accuracy of malnutrition data of under-five children in sub-Saharan Africa. ⋯ The random forest algorithm demonstrated the highest prediction accuracy (81%) compared with the decision tree, eXtreme Gradient Boosting, and k-nearest neighbors algorithms. The accuracy was then enhanced to 96% using the MVBHE model. The MVBHE model is recommended by the present study as the best way to predict malnutrition in under-five children.