Nutrition
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Review Meta Analysis
Changes in energy, macronutrient, and food consumption in 47 countries over the last 70 years (1950-2019): a systematic review and meta-analysis.
We aimed to systematically examine trends in dietary energy, macronutrient, and food consumption in different geographic regions. ⋯ Our findings indicate regional variations in dietary trends and identify countries that would benefit from nutritional policies aimed at decreasing lower-quality carbohydrate foods and increasing consumption of fruits, vegetables, nuts, legumes, and dairy.
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Review Meta Analysis
Prevalence and economic cost of malnutrition in Italy: A systematic review and metanalysis from the Italian Society of Artificial Nutrition and Metabolism (SINPE).
Disease-related malnutrition (DRM) is a major public health issue with dramatic consequences on outcomes. However, in Italy a comprehensive and updated overview on national prevalence, in both the adult and pediatric populations, and its burden on the health care environment, is missing. The aim of this systematic literature review and meta-analysis was to identify and summarize the available evidence regarding the prevalence of DRM in Italy from pediatric to adult and older ages, and to project its global costs on the health care system. ⋯ Although comparable in magnitude to data from previous studies in analogous international settings, the diffusion and effects of DRM in the Italian setting is impressive. Increased awareness of these data and proactive fostering of clinical nutrition services are warranted, as prompt identification and treatment of malnutrition have been shown to effectively improve clinical and economic results.
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Experimental studies under laboratory conditions have shown a close link between acute sleep restriction and metabolic disorders. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of a single night of moderate sleep restriction implemented under ambulatory settings on sleep organization, food intake, blood pressure, and heart rate in overweight young adults. ⋯ An acute moderate at-home sleep restriction exacerbated food intake and feelings of hunger, and impaired blood pressure and heart rate regulation in young, overweight adults.
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Malnutrition in pulmonary fibrosis may influence clinical outcomes negatively. This project aimed to investigate if weight, unintended weight loss (UWL) at baseline and weight development, and signs of sarcopenia measured by the strength, assistance with the walking, rising from a chair, climbing stairs, and falls questionnaire (SARC-F) are associated with hospital admissions and mortality for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis outpatients in ≤1 y as well as referral to pulmonary rehabilitation. ⋯ UWL at baseline was significantly associated with risk of hospital admissions and mortality in ≤1 y in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis outpatients. Patients with signs of sarcopenia and body mass index ≥30 kg/m2 were most often referred to pulmonary rehabilitation.
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We investigated the association between body composition upon diagnosis and complicated phenotypes and time until surgery in patients with Crohn's disease (CD). ⋯ Total fat was associated with complicated disease phenotype and visceral obesity, with higher risk of abdominal surgery and shorter time until surgery.