Nutrition
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No specific therapy is available for metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease. We investigated nicotinamide riboside (NR) and dietary restriction (DR) effects in liver lipids, inflammation, histology, intestinal permeability, and gut microbiota in a cafeteria diet (CAFD)-induced obesity model. ⋯ This study suggests that NR can be a potential adjuvant to metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease therapy, encouraging further research in this field.
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An optimal diet contributes to reducing malnutrition prevalence in the nursing home population. For this population, recommended daily intakes are ≥1.0 g protein/kg body weight and ≥27 energy kcal/kg body weight. The aim of this study was to identify the protein and energy intake of nursing home residents and to assess groups at increased risk for low intake. ⋯ Nearly all nursing home residents were at increased risk for not meeting the minimum protein/energy requirements. Intakes should, on average, be increased with ≥15 g protein and ≥520 kcal to reach the minimum intake targets. Although using a P/E+ diet was associated with higher intakes, even these residents had intakes below the requirements.
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Assessing food intake of pregnant women is extremely important, because maternal dietary patterns can influence fetal development as well as have either positive or negative effects on both the mother and fetus. Thus, the aim of the present study was to carry out a systematic review of the literature on food frequency questionnaires developed and validated for pregnant women, in order to assess their methodological quality and validation process. ⋯ Food frequency questionnaires developed for pregnant women appear to be reliable tools to assess food intake by this group. Overall, they had good methodological quality and adequate correlation coefficients compared with reference methods.
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The ketogenic diet (KD) is one of the main treatments for drug-resistant epilepsy. However, there have been few multicenter reports on the use of the KD for the treatment of Dravet syndrome (DS). The aim of this study was to analyze the efficacy and safety of this approach based on a large number of multicenter cases. ⋯ Real-world, multicenter data analysis showed that the KD is effective for patients with DS and has a low incidence of side effects.
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Case Reports
Lower calcium and iron intake in adolescent gymnasts: A case of concern for youth sports nutrition.
Diet is important for the appropriate development and maturation of young amateur athletes. The aim of this study was to determine whether young gymnasts were consuming adequate amounts of nutrients, particularly calcium and iron. ⋯ Despite having a sufficient macronutrient distribution, Portuguese gymnasts consume a high amount of ultra-processed items and a low amount of calcium and iron. The low proportion of female gymnasts with adequate iron consumption is cause for worry in sports nutrition.