Nutrition
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Observational Study
Validation of the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition criteria for diagnosis of malnutrition and mortality prediction for people living with HIV or AIDS.
To validate the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria to diagnose malnutrition in hospitalized people living with HIV or AIDS (HA) considering different combinations, using the Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) as the semi-gold standard, and to assess the predictive effects of malnutrition according to the GLIM criteria on hospital length of stay and mortality. ⋯ Nine GLIM combinations had satisfactory sensitivity and specificity values to determine concurrent validity, all of them including weight loss and low weight; two combinations were independent predictors of mortality (any phenotypic criteria and low food intake or opportunistic infections), and one combination predicted longer LOS. Combining any phenotypic criteria with low food intake resulted in adequate concurrent and predictive validity.
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Acute gastrointestinal injury (AGI) is very common in critically ill patients, and its severity is positively correlated with mortality. Critically ill patients with digestive and absorption dysfunction caused by AGI face higher nutritional risks, making nutritional support particularly important. ⋯ The use of EN feeding strategies in critically ill patients with AGI remains controversial. The aim of this review was to elaborate on how EN feeding strategies should transition from limited to progressive to open feeding and explain the time window for this transition.
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Observational Study
Anorexia assessment using the Simplified Nutritional Appetite Questionnaire and its association with activities of daily living in patients with stroke.
This study aimed to validate the assessment of anorexia in patients with acute stroke using the Simplified Nutritional Appetite Questionnaire. ⋯ This study's results found a significant correlation between Simplified Nutritional Appetite Questionnaire scores and nutritional status as well as an independent association with functional outcomes in patients with stroke. These findings suggest that the Simplified Nutritional Appetite Questionnaire can be a valuable tool for evaluating anorexia in this patient population.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Metabolic effects of an oral carbohydrate-whey protein supplement after fasting in volunteers: A randomized controlled crossover trial.
Oral supplements containing carbohydrates (CHOs) can be used to reduce preoperative fasting time. The aim of this study was to investigate the early metabolic and acute phase responses to a clear, oral supplement containing CHO and whey protein (WP) in young, healthy volunteers during a fasting-induced organic response. ⋯ After overnight fasting, the oral supplement containing CHO and WP decreased ketosis. These findings may help select the most efficient oral supplement to be given 2 to 3 h before elective surgeries.
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Multicenter Study
Modified Controlling Nutritional Status (mCONUT) serves as a promising prognostic factor in patients with cancer cachexia.
Malnutrition and systemic inflammation are considered 2 hallmarks of cancer cachexia. Our study aimed to construct a modified Controlling Nutritional Status by introducing C-reactive protein as an inflammatory parameter and investigate its prognostic value in patients with cancer cachexia. ⋯ The modified Controlling Nutritional Status group comprehensively reflects nutritional, immune, and inflammatory status and serves as a powerful prognostic scoring system in patients with cancer cachexia.