Nutrition
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The presence of frailty decreases the overall survival of cancer patients. An accurate and operational diagnostic method is needed to help clinicians choose the most appropriate treatment to improve patient outcomes. ⋯ The nomogram model provides an accurate method to diagnose frailty in cancer patients. Using this model could lead to the selection of more appropriate therapy and a better prognosis for cancer patients.
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Malnutrition and nutritional risk are risk factors for many adverse health outcomes in older adults, but they have rarely been assessed in China. The aim of this study was to evaluate the availability of Elderly Nutritional Indicators for Geriatric Malnutrition Assessment (ENIGMA), a nutritional scale originally developed to predict mortality, in assessing nutritional risks and predicting adverse health outcomes in Chinese community-dwelling older adults. ⋯ ENIGMA could serve as a nutritional risk screening tool that has a robust role in predicting cognitive impairment, functional limitation, and frailty in Chinese community-dwelling older adults. It may be recommended for early nutritional risk screening and has the potential to guide early nutritional intervention in communities and primary care settings in China.
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Significant variability exists in the contrast phases applied during computed tomography (CT) studies when assessing morphometric measurements of muscle area (CT-assessed sarcopenia) and density (CT-assessed myosteatosis) and visceral adipose tissue area (CT-assessed visceral obesity). This study explored the impact of contrast phase timing on changes in morphometric measurements of body composition. ⋯ Different CT contrast phases induce small but clinically significant alterations in the measurements of muscle area and density and visceral fat. Such minor changes can result in misclassification issues when fixed cutoff values are used to diagnose myosteatosis with CT. This underscores the importance of reporting absolute values and the specific contrast phase used in future studies.
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Cardiac diastolic dysfunction (left ventricular diastolic dysfunction [LVDD]) is a well-known predictor of heart failure. We hypothesized that sarcopenia is independently associated with diastolic dysfunction. We aimed to investigate the association of the most recent consensus definition of sarcopenia with LVDD. ⋯ This study revealed sarcopenia to be a new risk factor for diastolic dysfunction, adding to its known risk factors. Future longitudinal studies are needed to clarify the factors underlying their copresence.
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Observational Study
The relationship between cognitive frailty, physical frailty and malnutrition in Turkish older adults.
The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between cognitive and physical frailty and malnutrition in older adults. ⋯ Cognitive and physical frailty were found to be associated with malnutrition in older adults. Even after accounting for confounding factors, it appears that cognitive frailty is more closely related to nutritional status than physical frailty.