Nutrition
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The prognostic effects of the Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) criteria in cancer survivors have been observed but require validation in clinical practice. This study was designed to evaluate the prognostic effects of baseline and longitudinal changes in PG-SGA scores on all-cause mortality among Chinese cancer patients in a real-world setting. ⋯ This study highlights the prognostic value of baseline and dynamic changes in PG-SGA scores for cancer patients, which can help improve their outcomes.
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The interaction between lifestyle--defined more specifically in health care as the personal exposome--and its implications on obesity and breast cancer development highlights the critical role of body composition and inflammation in these patients. There is clear evidence that the personal and internal exposome triggers biochemical, inflammatory, and metabolic reprogramming, which might favor ectopic lipid accumulation within the body, such as muscles. Additionally, the presence of excessive adipose tissue exacerbates these alterations in the internal exposome, resulting in cell damage and modifying body composition. ⋯ In addition, PhA is a potential indicator of nutritional status and disease prognosis, as it has been linked to survival and quality of life in patients with cancer. Therefore, PhA might be used in daily oncology practice to implement an accurate nutritional intervention, reducing side effects and complications of oncology management, and improving quality of life during treatment and survival, even in patients with breast cancer with obesity or overweight. The aim of this review is to analyze the existing information on the current application of PhA in patients with breast cancer and its potential use as a tool to assess inflammatory response, identify malnutrition, and predict the deterioration of quality of life so that it could be proposed as an early indicator for nutritional interventions in this group of patients.
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Case Reports Randomized Controlled Trial
The effect of a bodybuilding carbohydrate-loading protocol on anthropometry: Preliminary findings from a randomized crossover trial.
To acutely enhance muscle size and definition, carbohydrate (CHO)-loading protocols are commonly implemented by bodybuilders in the week before competition. This study sought to evaluate the effects of a bodybuilding CHO-loading protocol on anthropometry. Four dieting males engaging in resistance training (RT) with very low body fat participated in this randomized crossover trial. ⋯ Individual differences in response to each phase were also observed. Group level changes seemingly favor CHO-loading; however, it is difficult to judge whether these changes are practically meaningful as they may not be large enough to exceed measurement error and daily biological fluctuations. Before implementation, coaches and competitors should consider individualizing protocols through precompetition testing and visually assessing changes in physique.
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To verify the association between the consumption of red and processed meats and the incidence of hypertension in participants of the Longitudinal Study of Adult Health. ⋯ The increased risk of developing hypertension is associated with moderate and high consumption of processed meats but not with consumption of red meat.
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We assessed the impact and prognostic significance of alterations in muscle quality and quantity (myosteatosis and sarcopenia, respectively) in patients with esophageal cancer treated with radiotherapy (RT). ⋯ Muscle mass status at presentation and alterations in patients with esophageal cancer before and after RT should be considered prognostic indicators.