Nutrition
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Among diet-induced obesity animal models, the cafeteria diet, which contains human junk food and processed foods, is a popular experimental animal diets in Western countries. Consumption of a cafeteria diet can lead to the development of obesity and non-alcoholic liver disease in as soon as 2 mo, which more accurately reflects human eating patterns. The aim of this study was to establish a Taiwanese cafeteria diet and compare it with a traditional lard-based, 60% high-fat diet in a 12-wk animal model. ⋯ The present study confirmed that the Taiwanese cafeteria diet-induced rat model provided a potential platform for investigating obesity-related diseases.
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The objective of the present study is to evaluate whether, after caffeine ingestion, there are variations in blood velocity of the middle cerebral arteries in clinically healthy young people as well as to evaluate whether this variation is dependent on the administered dose. ⋯ With this study, we conclude that caffeine influences the cardiovascular system acutely, interfering with the velocity of the middle cerebral arteries, causing its decrease. We also conclude that this acute effect causes vasodilation of the cerebral arteries, more accentuated with higher doses of caffeine.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Metabolic effects of an oral carbohydrate-whey protein supplement after fasting in volunteers: A randomized controlled crossover trial.
Oral supplements containing carbohydrates (CHOs) can be used to reduce preoperative fasting time. The aim of this study was to investigate the early metabolic and acute phase responses to a clear, oral supplement containing CHO and whey protein (WP) in young, healthy volunteers during a fasting-induced organic response. ⋯ After overnight fasting, the oral supplement containing CHO and WP decreased ketosis. These findings may help select the most efficient oral supplement to be given 2 to 3 h before elective surgeries.
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Multicenter Study
Modified Controlling Nutritional Status (mCONUT) serves as a promising prognostic factor in patients with cancer cachexia.
Malnutrition and systemic inflammation are considered 2 hallmarks of cancer cachexia. Our study aimed to construct a modified Controlling Nutritional Status by introducing C-reactive protein as an inflammatory parameter and investigate its prognostic value in patients with cancer cachexia. ⋯ The modified Controlling Nutritional Status group comprehensively reflects nutritional, immune, and inflammatory status and serves as a powerful prognostic scoring system in patients with cancer cachexia.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Establishment and validation of novel nomograms to predict muscle quality in colorectal cancer patients.
The skeletal muscle mass index and skeletal muscle radiodensity have promise as specific diagnostic indicators for muscle quality. However, the difficulties in measuring low skeletal muscle mass index and low skeletal muscle radiodensity limit their use in routine clinical practice, impeding early screening and diagnosis. The objective of this study is to develop a nomogram that incorporates preoperative factors for predicting low skeletal muscle mass index and low skeletal muscle radiodensity. ⋯ The incorporation of preoperative factors into the nomogram-based prediction model represents a significant advancement in the muscle quality assessment. Its implementation has the potential to early screen patients at risk of low skeletal muscle mass index and low skeletal muscle radiodensity.