Nutrition
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The present study aimed to compare measured and estimated resting metabolic rate (RMR) predicted by selected equations in patients with nonactive inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) on an outpatient university clinic regimen. ⋯ Among the equations analyzed, only Anjos et al.'s accurately estimated RMR in outpatients with nonactive IBD. However, caution is advised when applying it at the individual level, due to the wide observed LoA.
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The aim of this study was to evaluate body composition variability assessed by bioimpedance in relation to nutritional status assessed by anthropometry in children and adolescents living in countries characterized by contrasting nutritional conditions. ⋯ Bioelectrical values were more strongly associated with BAZ than HAZ values in all population samples. Variability was more related to markers of muscle mass in Ugandan and Nepalese samples and to indicators of fat mass in UK and US samples. Specific BIVA can give information on the variability of body composition in malnourished individuals.
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Flavonoids exhibit antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties, yet the relationship between flavonoid intake and all-cause mortality in the obese population remains unclear. ⋯ The consumption of flavonoids may be associated with a decreased risk of all-cause mortality. Consumption of flavonoids is particularly beneficial for individuals with obesity and comorbidities.
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Child malnutrition is a very serious health issue globally, particularly in emerging countries. Among South Asian countries, Pakistan has been observed to have a high prevalence of child malnutrition. In spite of the implementation of many health strategies and preventive measures for vulnerable populations, this issue is still unresolved and needs further investigation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of various social-, maternal-, and child-level factors considered to be responsible for nutritional health disparities among children. ⋯ The findings of this study reinforce the significance of maternal health, parental education, and household economic profile in the prevention of malnutrition within young children of adequate birth size, as well as better overall health care up to adolescence in Pakistan. Well-nourished individuals are a valuable human resource and a requirement for a nation's progress and prosperity. In emerging nations such evidence-based policies are crucial for fostering children's optimal physical and mental development to ensure a healthier future generation. Therefore, the execution of national health policies aimed at the improvement of maternal and societal factors could result in improved nutrition levels among children below 5 years of age in Pakistan.
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The study investigated the causal relationships between spermidine levels and CVD risk factors using a bi-directional MR approach. Employing genetic variants from extensive GWAS datasets as IVs, the study aimed to determine whether spermidine levels can influence CVD risk factors such as blood pressure, blood glucose, and lipid profiles, and vice versa. The findings suggest a protective role of elevated spermidine levels against hypertension, elevated blood glucose, and lipid profiles (LDL-C and HDL-C). ⋯ Conversely, the influence of CVD risk factors on spermidine levels was minimal, with the exception that elevated blood glucose levels resulted in reduced spermidine levels. (IVW beta = -0.06714391, P = 0.01096123). These results underline the potential of spermidine as a modifiable dietary target for the prevention and management of cardiovascular diseases. Further investigations are warranted to explore the underlying biological mechanisms and the applicability of these findings in broader and diverse populations.