Nutrition
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Intravenous lipid emulsions and liver function in adult chronic intestinal failure patients: results from a randomized clinical trial.
Intravenous lipid emulsion (ILE) can become a risk factor for intestinal failure associated liver disease (IFALD). Many ILEs are commercially available, however, a direct comparison of their impact on liver has, to our knowledge, never been performed. The aim of the study was to analyse that clinical problem during long term parenteral nutrition (PN). ⋯ All four ILEs tested may be safe even during long-term parenteral nutrition. OO/LCT may be more effective than the others, but more studies in the field are needed.
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Insulin resistance (IR) is important in the pathogenesis of diabetes, the prevalence of which has become a major public health threat in Asia. The aim of this study was to use ultrasound measurements of abdominal fat thickness to predict IR and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels among Singaporean adults. ⋯ Results of this study suggested that ultrasound measurements of PFT and SFT could provide simple and useful indices of IR and lipid disorders for healthy Singaporean men and women. They might have the diagnostic values for predicting cardiovascular risks in this population.
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The aim of this study was to assess the association between dietary total antioxidant capacity (DTAC) and menopausal symptoms (MS) in postmenopausal middle-aged women. ⋯ DTAC is inversely associated with MS, which could be of particular significance for somatic and psychological symptoms. These findings indicate that DTAC could be an important basis for developing an effective dietary measure for reducing MS.
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The aim of this study was to compare the effects of a sucrose-free diet with a sucrose-added diet on glucose variability in patients with type 1 diabetes. ⋯ The use of a moderate amount of sucrose, as part of a balanced diet, did not affect the glucose variability or insulin requirements in patients with type 1 diabetes.
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A key determinant of food intake besides hunger is food craving, which refers to an intense desire to consume a specific food. Although they commonly co-occur, they are conceptually different and their dissociation is thought to underlie unhealthy eating (e.g., eating in the absence of hunger). To date, we know almost nothing about their coherence (or dissociation) in daily life or about the role of time of day and different food types. ⋯ These findings suggest that dissociations between hunger and craving are found only for snack-type foods, whereas hunger and general food cravings cohere strongly. Interventions addressing snacking may take these circadian patterns of food cravings into account.