Nutrition
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Body mass index (BMI) has significant limitations when assessing nutritional status in pediatric patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). We evaluated whether measurements of lean body mass (LBM) and fat mass (FM) are more sensitive nutritional parameters by testing their association with pulmonary function in adolescent patients with CF. ⋯ LBM is a significant predictor of pulmonary function in CF adolescent patients. DXA scanning performed as part of routine bone health monitoring in CF can provide important body composition data relevant to clinical interventions that optimize nutritional status. DXA reference data for LBM in non-adult populations are needed to enhance diagnostic assessment and monitor clinical progression of CF.
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To test the hypothesis that low blood thiamine concentrations in malnourished critically ill children are associated with higher risk of 30-d mortality. ⋯ Blood thiamine concentration probably has a protective effect on the risk of 30-d mortality in malnourished patients but not in those who were well nourished.
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This study aimed to explore the associations among perinatal, sociodemographic, and behavioral factors and preschool overweight/obesity. ⋯ This study highlighted positive associations of preschooler's overweight/obesity with excess maternal prepregnancy and gestational weight gain, excess birth weight and "rapid growth velocity," Southern or Eastern European region, and parental overweight/obesity. Moreover, maternal prepregnancy overweight/obesity, children's "rapid growth velocity," and increased screen time partially mediated the association between maternal education and preschoolers' body mass index. The findings of the present study may support childhood obesity prevention initiatives, because vulnerable population groups and most specifically low-educated families should be prioritized. Among other fields, these intervention initiatives should also focus on the importance of normal prepregnancy maternal weight status, normal growth velocity during infancy, and retaining preschool children's screen time within recommendations.
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The aim of this study were to understand the influence of a multidisciplinary care protocol in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) on the change in the delay of remission to the nutrition specialist and the initial nutritional status. ⋯ The implementation of a multidisciplinary protocol in ALS allowed patients to present a lower percentage of severe malnutrition in an initial assessment by the nutrition specialist. This protocol is a protective factor for the presence of malnutrition at the beginning of support.
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The aim of this study was to explore the relationships between eating behavior dimensions and psychopathological symptoms among Portuguese undergraduate students. ⋯ Multivariate analysis showed that the overall level of psychopathological distress (combined with body mass index, among women) had a larger effect on eating behavior than the relevance of specific symptoms.