Nutrition
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To examine the relationship between sleep duration and consumption of sugar sweetened beverages (SSBs) and energy drinks (EDs) among adolescents. ⋯ Short sleep duration was associated with consumption of EDs in middle and high school students and with SSBs in middle school students only. Future studies are needed to establish causality and to determine whether improving sleep patterns can reduce the consumption of SSBs and EDs among adolescents.
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Multicenter Study Observational Study
Evaluation of malnutrition development risk in hospitalized children.
Many screening methods, such as the Screening Tool Risk on Nutritional Status and Growth (STRONGkids) and the Pediatric Yorkhill Malnutrition Score (PYMS), have been developed to detect malnutrition in pediatric patients. We aimed to explore the prevalence of malnutrition risk in hospitalized children via symptoms and identification of contributing factors, and to examine the efficacy of malnutrition screening tools for hospitalized children. ⋯ Use of anthropometric measurements in addition to screening tools to identify hospital malnutrition (such as PYMS, STRONGkids) will prevent some nutritional risk patients from being overlooked.
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Multicenter Study
Changes in nutritional state and dysphagia in stroke patients monitored during a 14-d period in a Burkina Faso hospital setting.
Dysphagia and undernourishment are common in cerebrovascular accident (stroke) patients in developed countries. Despite the dietary transition, there is little information available in Africa on this topic. This study aims to assess the prevalence of undernourishment and dysphagia in stroke patients in two Burkina Faso teaching hospitals at a starting point (D0), on the eighth day, and on the 14th (D14) and to specify factors related to undernourishment at day 14. ⋯ The prevalence of undernourishment was high at D0 and increased during the monitoring period. It would be advisable to monitor patients' weight and triceps skinfold thickness, to optimize care for women and patients with low weight or triceps skinfold thickness at D0, to monitor dysphagia, and to inform patients, families, and relevant staff of nutritional concerns after a cerebrovascular accident.
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We explored the association of 3-year adherence to a dietary pattern based on nutrients that may be related to mood with the development of depressive symptoms in Japanese employees. ⋯ Maintaining high or improving adherence to a dietary pattern derived by reduced-rank regression is associated with a lower risk of depression among Japanese employees.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Obesity candidate genes, gestational weight gain, and body weight changes in pregnant women.
To examine the associations of two obesity-associated genes, FTO (rs9939609) and GNB3 (rs5443) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), with early pregnancy body mass index, gestational weight gain, and postpartum weight retention. ⋯ The FTO gene and possibly the GNB3 gene are associated with high gestational weight gain in obese black women. Obese carriers of the FTO risk allele gained 4.1 kg (AT) and 7.6 kg (TT) more than those without risk alleles. Overweight GNB3 heterozygotes (CT) gained 6.6 kg less than homozygotes (CC). Overweight or obese black women who have either risk variant are at risk for high gestational weight gain.