Nutrition
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Editorial Comment
Food frequency questionnaires: Small associations and large errors.
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Studies examining the relationship between breast-feeding (BF) duration and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors have reached contradictory results. This study aims to investigate the relationship between BF duration and CVD risk factors in adolescents. ⋯ Although the long-term benefits of BF on preventing CVDs are well documented, controversies exist as to the association of BF duration with such beneficial effects. In this study, there was no substantial evidence that longer BF duration was protective against CVD risk factors among adolescents. More prospective studies are recommended to clarify this association.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
Short-term preoperative supplementation of an immunoenriched diet does not improve clinical outcome in well-nourished patients undergoing abdominal cancer surgery.
A recent study suggested that the anti-inflammatory effect of immunonutrition starts after only two d. We therefore investigated the effect of an immunoenriched oral diet administered for three d preoperatively. ⋯ Preoperative oral supplementation with an immunoenriched diet for 3 d preoperatively did not improve postoperative outcome compared with the placebo in well-nourished patients with elective gastrointestinal cancer surgery.
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In hospitalized patients, the optimal target blood glucose concentration is controversial. Numerous studies have examined clinical use of glucose control in various patient populations. In the present review, we briefly discuss corresponding meta-analyses. ⋯ Eight meta-analyses showed that, despite the intensity of glucose control, the frequency of hypoglycemic episodes increased. The residual heterogeneity of individual studies incorporated into the various meta-analyses prevents a valid conclusion regarding potential benefits of a specific glucose target. A glucose concentration <200 mg/dL appears preferable.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
Differential dose effect of fish oil on inflammation and adipose tissue gene expression in chronic kidney disease patients.
The beneficial effects of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in cardiovascular disease are partly attributed to their anti-inflammatory properties. Their potential effect on the adipose tissue of chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients has never been explored. ⋯ A moderate dose of FO alters the gene expression profile of adipose tissue to a more antiinflammatory status. Higher doses of FO have a favorable effect on lipid profile and lead to the upregulation of adipokines gene expression suggesting a different dose response to ω-3 PUFA administration in patients with CKD.