Nutrition
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Meta Analysis
Dietary inflammatory index and cancer risk in the elderly: A pooled-analysis of Italian case-control studies.
The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the association between the inflammatory potential of one's diet and cancer risk varies across age groups in a population characterized by widespread use of the Mediterranean diet. ⋯ In the Italian population, DII scores were higher in elderly than in middle-aged individuals. Although not directly affecting cancer risk, this finding may have important implications for the older population because elevated DII scores, indicating a proinflammatory diet, also have been associated with frailty.
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Review Meta Analysis
Food insecurity and the risk of undernutrition complications among children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
This systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to examine the association between household food insecurity and the risk of being underweight, stunting, and wasting in children and adolescents. ⋯ Household food insecurity appears to be associated with higher risk of stunting and being underweight among children and adolescents. In addition, the intensification of the level of food insecurity and the increased age of children may increase the risk of stunting or being underweight in food-insecure households. Also, the level of economic development is an important factor in the effects of food insecurity on risk of stunting.
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Review Meta Analysis
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in critically ill patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is characterized by an acute inflammatory response in the lung parenchyma leading to severe hypoxemia. Because of its anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFA) have been administered to ARDS patients, mostly by the enteral route, as immune-enhancing diets with eicosapentaenoic acid, γ-linolenic acid, and antioxidants. However, clinical benefits of ω-3 PUFAs in ARDS patients remain unclear because clinical trials have found conflicting results. Considering the most recent randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and recent change in administration strategies, the aim of this updated systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate clinical benefits of ω-3 PUFA administration on gas exchange and clinical outcomes in ARDS patients. ⋯ In critically ill patients with ARDS, ω-3 PUFAs in enteral immunomodulatory diets may be associated with an improvement in early and late PaO2-to-FiO2 ratio, and statistical trends exist for an improved ICU LOS and MV duration. Considering these results, administering ω-3 PUFAs appears a reasonable strategy in ARDS.
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Review Meta Analysis
Effect of alpha-lipoic acid supplementation on lipid profile: A systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials.
Several studies have shown the effect of alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) on lipid profile. However, findings remain controversial. This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to systematically summarize the available clinical trials that examined the effects ALA supplementation on the lipid profile of adults. ⋯ Significant changes were not observed in serum high-density lipoprotein (WMD, -0.092 mg/dL; 95% CI, -3.014 to 2.831; P = 0.025). Supplementation dosage and body mass index were potential sources of heterogeneity, in which those with body mass index >30 kg/m2 who received >600 mg/d ALA showed better improvements in lipid profile. Our findings showed that supplementation with ALA significantly decreased the serum concentrations of TG, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein but did not affect serum levels of high-density lipoprotein in adults.
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Review Meta Analysis
Current evidence on ω-3 fatty acids in enteral nutrition in the critically ill: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Fish oil exerts anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties that may be beneficial for critically ill patients, thus multiple randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses have been performed. However, controversy remains as to whether fish oil-enriched enteral nutrition can improve clinical outcomes in adult critically ill patients in intensive care units (ICUs). The aim of this study was to provide an up-to-date systematic review and meta-analysis of all randomized controlled trials of fish oil-containing enteral nutrition addressing relevant clinical outcomes in critically ill patients. ⋯ Enteral fish oil supplementation cannot be recommended for critically ill patients, as strong scientific evidence for improved clinical benefits was not found. There is a signal of mortality benefit in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome; however, results are based on low-quality studies. Further research should focus on the relation between the individual critically ill patients' immune response, the administration of fish oil, and clinical outcomes.