BMJ : British medical journal
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Review Meta Analysis
Calcium intake and bone mineral density: systematic review and meta-analysis.
To determine whether increasing calcium intake from dietary sources affects bone mineral density (BMD) and, if so, whether the effects are similar to those of calcium supplements. ⋯ Increasing calcium intake from dietary sources or by taking calcium supplements produces small non-progressive increases in BMD, which are unlikely to lead to a clinically significant reduction in risk of fracture.
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What are the benefits and harms of second generation antidepressants and cognitive behavioral therapies (CBTs) in the initial treatment of a current episode of major depressive disorder in adults? ⋯ Second generation antidepressants and CBT have evidence bases of benefits and harms in major depressive disorder. Available evidence suggests no difference in treatment effects of second generation antidepressants and CBT, either alone or in combination, although small numbers may preclude detection of small but clinically meaningful differences. Funding, competing interests, data sharing This project was funded under contract from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality by the RTI-UNC Evidence-based Practice Center. Detailed methods and additional information are available in the full report, available at http://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/.
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Review Meta Analysis
Generic immunosuppression in solid organ transplantation: systematic review and meta-analysis.
To compare the clinical efficacy and bioequivalence of generic immunosuppressive drugs in patients with solid organ transplants. ⋯ High quality data showing bioequivalence and clinical efficacy of generic immunosuppressive drugs in patients with transplants are lacking. Given the serious consequences of rejection and allograft failure, well designed studies on bioequivalence and safety of generic immunosuppression in transplant recipients are needed.
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Review Meta Analysis
Blood glucose concentration and risk of pancreatic cancer: systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis.
To evaluate potential linear and non-linear dose-response relations between blood glucose and risk of pancreatic cancer. ⋯ Every 0.56 mmol/L increase in fasting blood glucose is associated with a 14% increase in the rate of pancreatic cancer. As prediabetes can be improved or even reversed through lifestyle changes, early detection of prediabetes coupled with lifestyle changes could represent a viable strategy to curb the increasing incidence of pancreatic cancer.
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Meta Analysis
Quantifying the risks of non-oncology phase I research in healthy volunteers: meta-analysis of phase I studies.
To quantify the frequency and seriousness of adverse events in non-oncology phase I studies with healthy participants. ⋯ Among 11,028 healthy participants who received study drug in non-oncology phase I studies, the majority (85%) of adverse events were mild. 34 (0.31%) serious adverse events occurred, with no life threatening events or deaths. Half of all adverse events were related to the study drug or to procedures. Extrapolation of these data to other types of phase I studies, especially with biological agents, may not be warranted.