BMJ : British medical journal
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Multicenter Study
The association between BMI and mortality using offspring BMI as an indicator of own BMI: large intergenerational mortality study.
To obtain valid estimates of the association between body mass index (BMI) and mortality by using offspring BMI as an instrumental variable for own BMI. ⋯ Use of offspring BMI as a predictor of own BMI, a technique that avoids problems of reverse causality, suggests that positive associations of BMI with all cause and cardiovascular mortality may be underestimated in conventional observational studies. Use of offspring BMI instead of own BMI in analyses of respiratory disease and lung cancer mortality, for which previous studies have reported consistent and strong inverse associations with own BMI, suggests that such studies have overstated the apparent adverse consequences of lower BMI with respect to these outcomes.
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Multicenter Study
Pre-eclampsia, soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1, and the risk of reduced thyroid function: nested case-control and population based study.
To determine if pre-eclampsia is associated with reduced thyroid function during and after pregnancy. ⋯ Increased serum concentration of soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 during pre-eclampsia is associated with subclinical hypothyroidism during pregnancy. Pre-eclampsia may also predispose to reduced thyroid function in later years.
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Multicenter Study
Differences in atherosclerosis according to area level socioeconomic deprivation: cross sectional, population based study.
To examine the relation between area level social deprivation and ultrasound markers of atherosclerosis (common carotid intima-media thickness and plaque score), and to determine whether any differences can be explained by "classic" (currently recognised) or "emerging" (novel) cardiovascular risk factors. ⋯ Deprivation is associated with increased carotid plaque score and intima-media thickness. The association of deprivation with atherosclerosis is multifactorial and not adequately explained by classic or emerging risk factors.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
Food incentives to improve completion of tuberculosis treatment: randomised controlled trial in Dili, Timor-Leste.
To determine the effectiveness of the provision of whole food to enhance completion of treatment for tuberculosis. ⋯ Provision of food did not improve outcomes with tuberculosis treatment in these patients in Timor-Leste. Further studies in different settings and measuring different outcomes are required.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative Study
Supervised exercise therapy versus usual care for patellofemoral pain syndrome: an open label randomised controlled trial.
To assess the effectiveness of supervised exercise therapy compared with usual care with respect to recovery, pain, and function in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome. ⋯ Supervised exercise therapy resulted in less pain and better function at short term and long term follow-up compared with usual care in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome in general practice. Exercise therapy did not produce a significant difference in the rate of self reported recovery.