Medical principles and practice : international journal of the Kuwait University, Health Science Centre
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Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer among African women, with high mortality rates in Ghana. Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) has been associated with tumor progression in breast cancer. However, its clinical validation is controversial and understudied with no known published data on NF-kB (p65) among breast cancer patients in Ghana and other African countries. ⋯ Patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) had 49.1% overexpression of NF-kB (p65) compared to 17%, 25.4% and 8.5% for luminal A, luminal B, and HER 2 cases respectively. This study demonstrates that NF-kB (p65) was highly expressed among breast cancer patients at Cape Coast Teaching Hospital, Ghana especially in TNBC. NF-kB (p65) could serve as a biomarker for cancer stage, progression, prognosis, and as a therapeutic target.
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H. pylori infection is a significant global health concern. It cannot be diagnosed based solely on the patient's medical history and symptoms, and laboratory and imaging tests are often required to confirm the diagnosis. Both non-invasive and invasive methods are available for diagnosing H. pylori infection, including conventional and advanced detection techniques. ⋯ It is essential to treat all patients infected with H. pylori. This represents a significant change in the approach, as previously treatment was recommended only for patients showing symptoms of infection. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the limitations of traditional diagnostic methods and help raise awareness among healthcare professionals about the latest advances in diagnosing this important bacterium.
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To identify common social media misconceptions about COVID-19 vaccination in pregnancy, explain the spread of misinformation, and identify solutions to guide clinical practice and policy. ⋯ Increased availability of information from reputable health sources through multiple channels could increase COVID-19 vaccine uptake in the pregnant population and help combat misinformation.
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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of neurodegenerative impairment in elderly people. Clinical characteristics include short-term memory loss, confusion, hallucination, agitation, and behavioural disturbance. Owing to evolving research in biomarkers AD can be discovered at early onset, but the disease is currently considered a continuum, which suggests that pharmacotherapy is most efficacious in the preclinical phase, possibly 15 - 20 years before discernible onset. ⋯ Another important factor in this development is the emergence of precision medicine that aims to tailor treatment to specific patients or patient subgroups. This relatively new platform would categorize AD patients on the basis of parameters like clinical aspects, brain imaging, genetic profiling, clinical genetics and epidemiological factors. This review enlarges on recent progress in the design and clinical use of antisense molecules, antibodies, antioxidants, small molecules and gene editing to stop AD progress and possibly reverse the disease on the basis of relevant biomarkers.
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HLA typing serves as a standard practice in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation to ensure compatibility between donors and recipients, preventing the occurrence of allograft rejection and graft-versus-host disease. Conventional laboratory methods that have been widely employed in the past few years, including Sequence-Specific Primer PCR and Sequencing Based Typing (SBT), currently face the risk of becoming obsolete. This risk stems not only from the extensive diversity within HLA genes but also from the rapid advancement of Next Generation Sequencing and third-generation sequencing technologies. ⋯ It explores how the adoption of third-generation sequencing technologies can revolutionize the field by offering improved accuracy, reduced ambiguity, and enhanced assessment of compatibility in HSCT. Embracing these cutting-edge technologies is essential to advancing the success rates and outcomes of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. This review underscores the importance of staying at the forefront of HLA typing techniques to ensure the best possible outcomes for patients undergoing HSCT.