Journal of anesthesia
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The glomerular filtration rate (GFR), renal plasma flow (RPF), renal blood flow (RBF), filtration fraction (FF), and the ratio of mean arterial pressure (MAP) to RBF (MAP/RBF), reflecting renal vascular resistance (RVR) were determined to investigate the effects of intravenously administered prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) on renal hemodynamics in humans. PGE1 produced no significant changes in GFR, but did cause significant increases in RPF and RBF and significant decreases in FF and MAP/RBF. ⋯ Also, the effects of PGE1 on renal pericapillary vessels were simulated. According to this simulation, PGE1 had a vasodilator action on both preglomerular and postglomerular capillaries.
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Journal of anesthesia · Jun 1994
Intrathecal phentolamine increases blood flow and skin temperature in the hind limbs of dogs.
Spinal anesthesia with local anesthetics increases blood flow and skin temperature in the lower extremities. Although the effect of α2 adrenoceptor agonists on the spinal cord has been confirmed, there has been no such report of the effects of α-adrenoceptor antagonists. We studied the effects of intrathecal administration of phentolamine on the blood flow in the femoral artery and skin temperature in the hind limbs of seven dogs. ⋯ High pad skin temperature continued for 60 min in the L group and for 90 min in the P group. With phentolamine i.v. (1 mg), there were no changes in blood flow in the femoral artery or pad skin temperature; there was only a decrease in blood pressure. In conclusion, the intrathecal α-adrenoceptor antagonist, phentolamine, increases blood flow in the femoral artery and pad skin temperature in hind limbs in dogs similar to lidocaine.
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Journal of anesthesia · Jun 1994
Single-breath induction of anesthesia: comparison of enflurane and sevoflurane.
In this study induction of anesthesia using the single-breath technique with either enflurane or sevoflurane in oxygen was compared. Each group consisted of 16 unpremedicated volunteers who breathed approximately 1.7 minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) equivalents of either vapor. There were no significant differences in the cardiovascular and respiratory variables monitored. ⋯ The enflurane group was associated with significantly more problems during induction, and showed moderate or sometimes severe excitatory movements of the extremities and/or coughing. Subjects in the enflurane group described the induction of anesthesia as less pleasant than in the sevoflurane group. We concluded that enflurane was less suitable for single-breath induction of anesthesia compared with sevoflurane.