Journal of anesthesia
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We observed the changes in partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO 2) and carbon dioxide (PaCO 2) before and during assumption of the lateral position prior to lumbar puncture in 81 patients to investigate whether lung volume decreased and ventilation was suppressed. PaO 2 significantly decreased while the patients were in the lateral position, while PaCO 2 remained unchanged. ⋯ The fact that closing volume increases with age implies that the decrease in functional residual capacity in the lateral position could have caused the decrease in PaO 2. It is therefore advisable to continuously monitor arterial oxygenation using a noninvasive monitor, such as a pulse oximeter, while performing spinal or epidural block, especially in elderly patients.
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Journal of anesthesia · Jun 1994
Relationship between cardiac output and mixed venous-arterialPCO 2 gradient in sodium bicarbonate-treated dogs.
We examined the relationship between cardiac output (CO) and mixed venous-arterialPCO 2 gradient ([Formula: see text]) along with the other variables derived from arterial and/or mixed venous blood gases in sodium bicarbonate-treated dogs. Six dogs with low cardiac output following cardiopulmonary resuscitation were used. CO, blood gases, and hemoglobin measurements were repeated every 20-30 min after administration of sodium bicarbonate or normal saline. ⋯ Arteriovenous oxygen content difference ([Formula: see text]), mixed venous oxygen saturation ([Formula: see text]), and[Formula: see text] were highly correlated with CO. The correlation coefficients between[Formula: see text],[Formula: see text], and[Formula: see text] werer=-0.81 (P<0.001),r=0.70 (P<0.001), andr=-0.77 (P<0.001), respectively. The results suggest that, if[Formula: see text] is measured during the steady state, except for the period during the transient increase in CO2 elimination just after the administration of sodium bicarbonate,[Formula: see text] can be used as an index of systemic perfusion even after the administration of sodium bicarbonate.
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Journal of anesthesia · Jun 1994
Textbook of anesthesia on electronic media: trial version as a free software.
The author has compiled a textbook of anesthesia on a floppy diskette and has made it available as free software. It is called "KSAP", which stands for "Knowledge Source for Anesthesia Practice". He aims to create a new form of textbook that is appropriate for current technology. ⋯ The entire book consists of approximately 500 text files, all of which were written by this author. All that is required to use this textbook is an MS-DOS computer and software which reads ASCII text files. Individual files are all simple text files.
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Journal of anesthesia · Jun 1994
Effects of combined intravenous nicardipine and diltiazem administration on the circulatory response to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation.
To evaluate the effect of combined intravenous administration of the calcium antagonists, nicardipine and diltiazem, on the circulatory responses to tracheal intubation, the mean arterial pressure (MAP) and rate pressure product (RPP) in response to laryngoscopy following tracheal intubation were compared in patients receiving saline placebo or nicardipine 10 μg·kg-1 and diltiazem 0.1 mg·kg-1 60 s before the initiation of laryngoscopy. Each group was comprised of ten patients undergoing elective surgery. The patients receiving saline showed a significant increase in MAP and RPP associated with tracheal intubation. However, these increases were significantly attenuated (P<0.05) in the patients to whom nicardipine and diltiazem were administered concurrently.
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Journal of anesthesia · Jun 1994
Effects of double administration of nicardipine of the cardiovascular response to tracheal intubation in hypertensive patients.
The efficacy of intravenous nicardipine in attenuating the cardiovascular responses to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation was studied in 20 hypertensive patients. Ten patients received intravenous 1 mg of nicardipine 1 min before induction (N1 group). ⋯ In the N2 group, arterial pressure did not increase but heart rate increased more than that in N1 group. There was no significant difference in rate pressure product between the two groups.