Journal of anesthesia
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Journal of anesthesia · Dec 2011
Randomized Controlled TrialEffect of intravenous dezocine on fentanyl-induced cough during general anesthesia induction: a double-blinded, prospective, randomized, controlled trial.
To evaluate the suppressive effect of intravenous dezocine on fentanyl-induced cough during the induction of general anesthesia. ⋯ These results demonstrate that intravenous dezocine 0.1 mg/kg 10 min prior to induction was effective in suppressing fentanyl-induced cough in our patients.
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Journal of anesthesia · Dec 2011
Randomized Controlled TrialRetrospective analysis of spontaneous recovery from neuromuscular blockade produced by empirical use of rocuronium.
A train-of-four ratio (TOF ratio) of >0.9 should be the clinical cut-off to avoid residual paralysis. However, it is not rare to extubate patients without measurement of the TOF ratio, although the safe interval from the last administration of rocuronium assuring a TOF ratio of >0.9 has not been established in the daily clinical setting. In this study, to estimate the safe interval to avoid residual paralysis, we retrospectively selected patients in whom the TOF ratio was measured during remifentanil administration before extubation, and we studied the characteristics of recovery from the neuromuscular blockade produced by the empirical use of rocuronium. ⋯ Because of the large variation in the recovery from rocuronium-induced paralysis, TOF-based evaluation of residual paralysis is essential to determine the appropriate indication for reversal, especially for elderly patients.
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Journal of anesthesia · Dec 2011
Randomized Controlled TrialEffect of tranexamic acid on blood loss in pediatric cardiac surgery: a randomized trial.
The benefit of tranexamic acid (TXA) in pediatric cardiac surgery on postoperative bleeding has varied among studies. It is also unclear whether the effects of TXA differ between cyanotic patients and acyanotic patients. The aim of this study was to test the benefit of TXA in pediatric cardiac surgery in a well-balanced study population of cyanotic and acyanotic patients. ⋯ TXA can reduce blood loss in pediatric cardiac surgery but not the transfusion requirement (http://ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT00994994).
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Journal of anesthesia · Dec 2011
Randomized Controlled TrialEffects of adjunct intrathecal magnesium sulfate to bupivacaine for spinal anesthesia: a randomized, double-blind trial in patients undergoing lower extremity surgery.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of additional magnesium sulfate (MgSO(4)) 100 mg to intrathecal (IT) isobaric 0.5% bupivacaine 3 ml on spinal anesthesia in patients undergoing lower extremity orthopedic surgery. ⋯ In patients undergoing lower extremity surgery with spinal anesthesia, the addition of 100 mg IT MgSO(4) to 15 mg bupivacaine without opioid supplement, prolonged the duration of the sensory block, decreased postoperative analgesic consumption, and significantly prolonged the onset of spinal anesthesia.
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Journal of anesthesia · Dec 2011
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialPentazocine increases bispectral index without surgical stimulation during nitrous oxide-sevoflurane anesthesia.
Although there have been a large number of reports on the effects of opioids on the bispectral index (BIS) during anesthesia, the effects of pentazocine on the BIS have not been reported. In this study, 60 patients scheduled for elective oral surgery [30 females, 30 males; all American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status (ASA PS) category 1] were enrolled in the trials. Maintaining gender parity, we randomly assigned the patients to one of three groups: pentazocine group (0.3 mg/kg; n = 20), fentanyl group (1 μg/kg; n = 20), or saline group (n = 20); these opioids were administered intravenously 15 min after the intubation. ⋯ BIS values significantly increased between 5 and 15 min after the intubation relative to the baseline value in the pentazocine group (P < 0.001), and BIS values in this group were significantly during this time period than those in the fentanyl and saline group (P < 0.001). BIS values were not significantly different between the fentanyl group and saline group. These results indicated that pentazocine, but not fentanyl, under nitrous oxide-sevoflurane anesthesia caused a statistically significant increase in BIS in our patients.